Te Moller Nikae C R, van Weeren P René
Department of Equine Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CM, The Netherlands.
Department of Equine Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CM, The Netherlands.
Vet J. 2017 Apr;222:60-67. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.03.004. Epub 2017 Mar 28.
The maintenance of joint homeostasis is integral to joint health. Knowledge of the influence of exercise on joint homeostasis is not only relevant for determining sustainable levels of equine athletic training, but also for the study of early development of osteoarthritis or cartilage repair in animal models. This review provides an overview of findings derived from in vivo studies and postmortem analyses investigating exercise effects on various joint tissue components in the horse, supplemented where appropriate with data from small animal models. The concept of joint homeostasis and possible methods to quantify this are also discussed, with special attention to the potential benefits and pitfalls of biomarker analysis in synovial fluid. The main conclusion is that biomechanical loading in the form of deliberate exercise has a major influence on the delicate homeostatic balance within the tissues constituting the diarthrodial joint and on their interactions, which is crucial for proper and durable joint function. The amount and intensity of exercise can have a lasting effect on tissue characteristics in juvenile animals, but affects joint homeostasis in mature animals and can affect the delicate balance between physiologic adaptation and development of pathology. Biomarkers in synovial fluid can be helpful in assessing joint homeostasis, but their use and interpretation require caution and are often far from straightforward.
关节内环境稳定的维持对关节健康至关重要。了解运动对关节内环境稳定的影响，不仅与确定马匹运动训练的可持续水平相关，还与动物模型中骨关节炎早期发展或软骨修复的研究有关。本综述概述了来自体内研究和死后分析的结果，这些研究调查了运动对马的各种关节组织成分的影响，并在适当情况下补充了来自小动物模型的数据。还讨论了关节内环境稳定的概念以及量化它的可能方法，特别关注滑液中生物标志物分析的潜在益处和陷阱。主要结论是，以有目的运动形式存在的生物力学负荷对构成滑膜关节的组织内微妙的内环境稳定平衡及其相互作用有重大影响，这对正常和持久的关节功能至关重要。运动的量和强度可对幼年动物的组织特征产生持久影响，但会影响成年动物的关节内环境稳定，并可能影响生理适应与病理发展之间的微妙平衡。滑液中的生物标志物有助于评估关节内环境稳定，但其使用和解释需要谨慎，而且往往远非简单直接。
