Ociepa-Kubicka A, Pachura P
Czestochowa University of Technology, Armii Krajowej Street 19b, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland.
Czestochowa University of Technology, Armii Krajowej Street 19b, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland.
Environ Res. 2017 Jul;156:284-290. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.02.027. Epub 2017 Apr 10.
The development of entrepreneurships in the 21st century cannot occur without taking care of the natural environment. The article presents issues related to eco-innovation. Despite the opportunities offered by eco-innovations, implementation of such initiatives remains to lead to various difficulties. They vary across countries and sectors. The insufficient number of enterprises in Poland and other European countries implement adequate level of eco-innovations. The main aim of this paper is to indicate the causes of this status and activities aimed to develop eco-innovativeness. The benefits and risks connected with implementation of innovative products and technologies were also discussed. Furthermore, the advantages of and barriers to their implementation into companies were analysed. The entrepreneurs from the least eco-innovative countries emphasize serious barriers, including uncertain demand from the market, uncertain return on investment or too long a payback period for eco-innovation, lack of funds within the enterprise, insufficient access to existing subsidies and fiscal incentive. They are especially afraid of the financial risks, which raises uncertainty and leads to refraining from innovative initiatives. The possibilities were indicated for the entrepreneurs who face problems with the implementation of innovative solutions. Particular attention was paid to the European Union activities for the development of eco-innovations. Numerous programs supporting their implementation were indicated. The article also presents examples of eco-innovation in water and sewage enterprises. It was emphasized that planning of eco-innovative solutions should be based on comprehensive information about actual benefits and possibility of threats to the environment which can be caused by implementation of eco-innovations. The study presents the example of threats resulting from different methods of sewage sludge management.
21世纪企业的发展离不开对自然环境的保护。本文介绍了与生态创新相关的问题。尽管生态创新带来了诸多机遇，但此类举措的实施仍面临各种困难。这些困难因国家和行业而异。波兰和其他欧洲国家实施适当水平生态创新的企业数量不足。本文的主要目的是指出这种现状的原因以及旨在提高生态创新能力的活动。还讨论了与创新产品和技术实施相关的收益和风险。此外，分析了将其引入公司的优势和障碍。来自生态创新程度最低国家的企业家强调了严重的障碍，包括市场需求不确定、投资回报不确定或生态创新的回收期过长、企业内部资金短缺、获得现有补贴和财政激励不足。他们尤其担心财务风险，这增加了不确定性并导致他们放弃创新举措。文中指出了面临创新解决方案实施问题的企业家的可能性。特别关注了欧盟在生态创新发展方面的活动。文中列举了众多支持其实施的项目。本文还介绍了供水和污水处理企业的生态创新实例。强调生态创新解决方案的规划应基于有关实际效益以及生态创新实施可能对环境造成威胁的可能性的全面信息。该研究列举了不同污泥管理方法所带来威胁的实例。
