Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Gastroenterology. 2017 Jul;153(1):87-97.e3. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.03.051. Epub 2017 Apr 8.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The gut microbiota affects host lipid and glucose metabolism, satiety, and chronic low-grade inflammation to contribute to obesity and type 2 diabetes. Fermentation end products, in particular the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) acetate, are believed to be involved in these processes. We investigated the long-term effects of supplementation with galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), an acetogenic fiber, on the composition of the human gut microbiota and human metabolism. METHODS: We performed a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel intervention study of 44 overweight or obese (body mass index, 28-40 kg/m) prediabetic men and women (ages, 45-70 y) from October 2014 through October 2015 in Maastricht, The Netherlands. The participants were assigned randomly to groups who ingested 15 g GOS or isocaloric placebo (maltodextrin) daily with their regular meals for 12 weeks. Before and after this period, we collected data on peripheral and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity, fecal microbiota composition, plasma and fecal SCFA, energy expenditure and substrate oxidation, body composition, and hormonal and inflammatory responses. The primary outcome was the effect of GOS on peripheral insulin sensitivity, measured by the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp method. RESULTS: Supplementation of diets with GOS, but not placebo, increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium species in feces by 5-fold (P = .009; q = 0.144). Microbial richness or diversity in fecal samples were not affected. We did not observe any differences in fecal or fasting plasma SCFA concentrations or in systemic concentrations of gut-derived hormones, incretins, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, or other markers of inflammation. In addition, no significant alterations in peripheral and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity, body composition, and energy and substrate metabolism were found. CONCLUSIONS: Twelve-week supplementation of GOS selectively increased fecal Bifidobacterium species abundance, but this did not produce significant changes in insulin sensitivity or related substrate and energy metabolism in overweight or obese prediabetic men and women. ClincialTrials.gov number, NCT02271776.
背景与目的：肠道微生物群会影响宿主的脂质和葡萄糖代谢、饱腹感和慢性低度炎症，从而导致肥胖和 2 型糖尿病。发酵终产物，特别是短链脂肪酸（SCFA）乙酸盐，被认为与这些过程有关。我们研究了补充半乳糖-低聚糖（GOS）（一种产乙酸纤维）对人类肠道微生物群组成和人体代谢的长期影响。
方法：我们在荷兰马斯特里赫特进行了一项为期 12 周的双盲、安慰剂对照、平行干预研究，纳入了 2014 年 10 月至 2015 年 10 月期间 44 名超重或肥胖（体重指数 28-40kg/m2）、有前驱糖尿病的男性和女性（年龄 45-70 岁）。参与者被随机分配到两组，每天随餐摄入 15g GOS 或等热量安慰剂（麦芽糊精），持续 12 周。在此期间前后，我们收集了外周和脂肪组织胰岛素敏感性、粪便微生物群组成、血浆和粪便 SCFA、能量消耗和底物氧化、身体成分以及激素和炎症反应的数据。主要结局是 GOS 对通过高胰岛素-正葡萄糖钳夹法测量的外周胰岛素敏感性的影响。
结果：用 GOS 而不是安慰剂补充饮食，可使粪便中双歧杆菌属的丰度增加 5 倍（P=0.009；q=0.144）。粪便样本中的微生物丰富度或多样性没有变化。我们没有观察到粪便或空腹血浆 SCFA 浓度或系统来源的激素、肠降血糖素、脂多糖结合蛋白或其他炎症标志物有任何差异。此外，在外周和脂肪组织胰岛素敏感性、身体成分以及能量和底物代谢方面也没有发现显著的变化。
结论：12 周的 GOS 补充可选择性地增加粪便双歧杆菌属的丰度，但这并未导致超重或肥胖前驱糖尿病男性和女性的胰岛素敏感性或相关的底物和能量代谢发生显著变化。临床试验注册编号：NCT02271776。
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