Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Metabolism. 2018 Oct;87:25-35. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.06.009. Epub 2018 Jun 25.
Human gut microbiota play an important role in maintaining human health. Dietary fibers, i.e. prebiotics, are fermented by human gut microbiota into the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate, and butyrate. SCFAs promote fat oxidation and improve metabolic health. Therefore, the prebiotic inulin might be an effective dietary strategy to improve human metabolism. We aimed to investigate the acute metabolic effects of ingesting inulin compared with digestible carbohydrates and to trace inulin-derived SCFAs using stable isotope tracer methodology.
In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover design, 14 healthy, overweight to obese men consumed a high-fat milkshake containing A) 24 g inulin of which 0.5 g was U-C-inulin (INU) or B) 24 g maltodextrin placebo (PLA), with a wash-out period of at least five days. Fat oxidation was measured via an open-circuit ventilated hood and blood samples were collected up to 7 h after ingestion. Plasma, breath, and fecal samples were collected, and appetite and satiety scores were assessed.
Fat oxidation increased in the early postprandial phase (0-3 h), and both plasma glucose and insulin were lower after INU ingestion compared with PLA (all P < 0.05). Plasma free fatty acids were higher in the early, and lower in the late postprandial period after INU ingestion. Inulin was fermented into SCFAs as indicated by higher plasma acetate concentrations after INU compared with PLA (P < 0.05). In addition, we found continuous increases in plasma C-SCFA enrichments (P < 0.05 from t = 120 onwards) and breath CO enrichments after INU intake. There were no effects on plasma triglycerides, free glycerol, satiety hormones GLP-1 and PYY, and appetite and satiety scores.
Ingestion of the prebiotic inulin improves fat oxidation and promotes SCFA production in overweight to obese men. Overall, replacing digestible carbohydrates with the fermentable inulin may favor human substrate metabolism.
The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov under number NCT02009670.
人类肠道微生物群在维持人类健康方面发挥着重要作用。膳食纤维，即益生元，被人类肠道微生物群发酵成短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）乙酸盐、丙酸盐和丁酸盐。SCFAs 促进脂肪氧化，改善代谢健康。因此，菊粉这种益生元可能是改善人体代谢的有效饮食策略。我们旨在研究与可消化碳水化合物相比，摄入菊粉的急性代谢效应，并通过稳定同位素示踪方法追踪菊粉衍生的 SCFAs。
在一项双盲、随机、安慰剂对照交叉设计中，14 名健康、超重或肥胖的男性饮用含有 A）24g 菊粉（其中 0.5g 为 U-C-菊粉（INU））或 B）24g 麦芽糊精安慰剂（PLA）的高脂肪奶昔，洗脱期至少为五天。通过开路通风罩测量脂肪氧化，摄入后采集血样长达 7 小时。采集血浆、呼气和粪便样本，并评估食欲和饱腹感评分。
脂肪氧化在进餐后早期（0-3 小时）增加，与 PLA 相比，INU 摄入后血浆葡萄糖和胰岛素均降低（均 P<0.05）。血浆游离脂肪酸在 INU 摄入后的早期较高，而在晚期较低。INU 摄入后，血浆乙酸盐浓度升高，表明菊粉被发酵成 SCFAs（与 PLA 相比，P<0.05）。此外，我们发现 INU 摄入后血浆 C-SCFA 浓度持续增加（t=120 后 P<0.05），呼气 CO 浓度增加。INU 摄入对血浆甘油三酯、游离甘油、饱腹激素 GLP-1 和 PYY 以及食欲和饱腹感评分没有影响。
摄入益生元菊粉可改善超重或肥胖男性的脂肪氧化，并促进 SCFA 生成。总的来说，用可发酵的菊粉替代可消化的碳水化合物可能有利于人体底物代谢。
该试验在 clinicaltrials.gov 上注册，编号为 NCT02009670。
