Lepich Tomasz, Dąbek Józefa, Witkowska Małgorzata, Jura-Szołtys Edyta, Bajor Grzegorz
Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
Cardiology Department, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
Adv Clin Exp Med. 2017 Jan-Feb;26(1):69-76. doi: 10.17219/acem/58783.
Standard anthropometric methods applied to measurements of the skull differentials are laden with mistakes stemming from the way the measuring devices are built and from a lack of experience on the part of the researchers. To increase objectivity, digital imaging measurements via computer systems were introduced.
The aim of this research was to assess the asymmetry of the male and female orbit with the application of the new graphic methods: raster graphics and vector graphics.
The examination was conducted on 184 well-preserved skulls. The photos were taken by a digital camera with high definition. Orbit asymmetry was examined by determining the distance between the centers of gravity of both orbits and the frontal median line d1 and d2. Then angles α and β were appointed. They are defined as angles between the line that runs through craniometrical points mf and ek on the right side (angle α) and on the left side (angle β), and the frontal median line at their crossing point. Distances r2 and r1, which are allocated points between the frontal median lines (LPP), were also set.
Angles α and β were also analyzed while comparing the skulls of both genders. Statistically significant differences were only observed in male skulls. However, differences for both genders were noted in parameters d1 and d2. No statistically significant differences were discovered between men and women for parameters r1 and r2. The groups of women and men were merged, being treated as a population; which resulted in the conclusion that there are no statistically significant differences between these parameters.
The skull's asymmetry connected to gender and the asymmetry of the right and left sides of examined craniums can be used in criminal examinations as well as in facial reconstructive surgeries.
应用于颅骨差异测量的标准人体测量方法存在诸多错误，这些错误源于测量设备的构造方式以及研究人员缺乏经验。为了提高客观性，引入了通过计算机系统进行的数字成像测量。
本研究的目的是应用新的图形方法（光栅图形和矢量图形）评估男性和女性眼眶的不对称性。
对184个保存完好的颅骨进行了检查。照片由高清数码相机拍摄。通过确定双侧眼眶重心与额正中矢状线d1和d2之间的距离来检查眼眶不对称性。然后确定角度α和β。它们被定义为右侧（角度α）和左侧（角度β）穿过颅骨测量点mf和ek的线与它们交点处的额正中矢状线之间的夹角。还设定了额正中矢状线（LPP）之间的分配点距离r2和r1。
在比较两性颅骨时，还分析了角度α和β。仅在男性颅骨中观察到统计学上的显著差异。然而，在参数d1和d2方面，两性均存在差异。在参数r1和r2方面，男性和女性之间未发现统计学上的显著差异。将女性和男性组合并，视为一个总体；得出这些参数之间没有统计学上显著差异的结论。
与性别相关的颅骨不对称以及所检查颅骨左右两侧的不对称可用于刑事检查以及面部重建手术。
