Gawlikowska-Sroka Aleksandra
Ann Acad Med Stetin. 2013;59(1):76-80.
The size and symmetry of the eye-socket have puzzled many medical and biological scientists. The orbit is a very complicated skull part because of the great number of bones involved in its structure, and its specific physiological function. The aim of our study was to estimate variations in the shape, size and position of the orbital openings in contemporary human skulls by using computer software.
The material consisted of 80 male human skulls of the European population from the beginning of the 20th century. X-ray photographs were taken in the P-A projection, then the images were scanned and calibrated by means of MicroStation 95 Academic Edition software. Tools for measuring the vector elements were used to assess measurements: n-mf, mf-ml, mf-ek, spa--sbk and the area of the orbital opening. The orbital index and the index of morphological asymmetry were assessed. Michalski's tables were used to establish orbit features. The statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica computer software package.
Measurements of the eye--socket position in relation to the mid-line were significantly more frequently larger on the left-hand side, which means a more lateral position of orbits on that side. The measurements of breadth, height and area were more frequently larger on the right side. The asymmetry index was significant for orbit width. The majority of the examined orbits were classified as hypsikonch, according to the orbital index. According to Michalski's scale, the dominant size data described orbital openings in the European population from the West Pomeranian region. The awareness of variability in this area is necessary for the correct interpretation of patients' examination results, reconstruction planning, in forensic medicine, and anthropology.
眼眶的大小和对称性一直困扰着许多医学和生物科学家。眼眶是颅骨中一个非常复杂的部分，因其结构涉及大量骨骼以及特定的生理功能。我们研究的目的是通过计算机软件估计当代人类颅骨眼眶开口的形状、大小和位置的变化。
材料包括80个来自20世纪初欧洲人群的男性人类颅骨。采用正位投照拍摄X线照片，然后通过MicroStation 95学术版软件对图像进行扫描和校准。使用测量向量元素的工具来评估测量值：n-mf、mf-ml、mf-ek、spa--sbk以及眼眶开口面积。评估眼眶指数和形态不对称指数。使用米哈尔斯基表格确定眼眶特征。使用Statistica计算机软件包进行统计分析。
眼眶相对于中线位置的测量值在左侧显著更常偏大，这意味着该侧眼眶位置更偏外侧。宽度、高度和面积的测量值在右侧更常偏大。眼眶宽度的不对称指数具有显著性。根据眼眶指数，大多数被检查的眼眶被归类为高眶型。根据米哈尔斯基量表，主要的尺寸数据描述了西波美拉尼亚地区欧洲人群的眼眶开口情况。了解该区域的变异性对于正确解读患者的检查结果、重建规划、法医学和人类学研究是必要的。
