Romaszko Jerzy, Kuchta Robert, Opalach Cezary, Bertrand-Bucińska Anna, Romaszko Anna Maria, Giergielewicz-Januszko Beata, Buciński Adam
Family Medicine Unit, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
Faculty of Theology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
Cent Eur J Public Health. 2017 Mar;25(1):29-34. doi: 10.21101/cejph.a4464.
Homelessness is a form of social pathology, which is for various reasons undesirable and as far as possible limited by efforts such as programmes that assist in transitioning out of homelessness. Because, as time passes, the homeless population undergoes both quantitative and qualitative changes, the process of developing these programmes requires up-to-date information on the extent and profile of this phenomenon that takes into account the characteristics of a given country.
A 12-month study of homeless individuals (ETHOS categories 1.1, 2.1 and 3.1) was conducted between December 2013 and November 2014 in Olsztyn, Poland. Demographic, sociological, psychological, and medical data were collected.
The study population comprised 98 homeless individuals. The average homeless individual in our study population was a single (93.88%), most commonly divorced (59.18%), alcohol-dependent (78.57%), smoking (84.69%), middle-aged (54.33 years, SD 9.70) male (92.86%) with a low level of education (10.19 years of completed education, SD 3.09). The individual was most commonly an unemployed person suffering profound privation, living off various types of benefits, and spending a significant proportion of his income on alcohol and cigarettes. The person often resigned from social welfare due to his alcohol dependence. Almost a third of the study population (32.65%) declared that they occasionally went hungry. The principal source of food were meals provided by welfare services (89.80%).
Our results indicate that the design of the social welfare system for homeless people should always take into account issues related to alcohol dependence, and each homeless person should be evaluated for possible alcohol dependence. Institutionalised material support provided to homeless individuals should be organised in such a way as to minimise the risk of promoting alcohol and nicotine dependence.
无家可归是一种社会病态形式，由于各种原因，它是不受欢迎的，并且通过诸如协助摆脱无家可归状态的项目等努力尽可能加以限制。因为随着时间的推移，无家可归人口会发生数量和质量上的变化，制定这些项目的过程需要有关这一现象的程度和特征的最新信息，同时要考虑到特定国家的特点。
2013年12月至2014年11月期间，在波兰奥尔什丁对无家可归者（ETHOS类别1.1、2.1和3.1）进行了为期12个月的研究。收集了人口统计学、社会学、心理学和医学数据。
研究人群包括98名无家可归者。我们研究人群中的无家可归者平均为单身（93.88%），最常见的是离婚者（59.18%），有酒精依赖（78.57%），吸烟（84.69%），中年男性（54.33岁，标准差9.70）（92.86%），教育程度低（完成教育10.19年，标准差3.09）。该个体最常见的是失业且极度贫困，靠各种福利生活，并且将很大一部分收入用于饮酒和吸烟。此人常因酒精依赖而放弃社会福利。近三分之一的研究人群（32.65%）宣称他们偶尔会挨饿。食物的主要来源是福利服务提供的膳食（89.80%）。
我们的结果表明，为无家可归者设计社会福利系统时应始终考虑与酒精依赖相关的问题，并且应对每个无家可归者评估是否可能存在酒精依赖。向无家可归者提供的制度化物质支持应以尽量减少助长酒精和尼古丁依赖风险的方式进行组织。
