Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Sex Med Rev. 2018 Jan;6(1):45-53. doi: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2017.02.004. Epub 2017 Apr 8.
Growth hormone (GH) increases lean body mass, decreases fat mass, increases exercise tolerance and maximum oxygen uptake, enhances muscle strength, and improves linear growth. Long-term studies of GH administration offer conflicting results on its safety, which has led to strict Food and Drug Administration criteria for GH use. The potential drawbacks of exogenous GH use are believed to be due in part to impaired regulatory feedback.
To review the literature on GH secretagogues (GHSs), which include GH-releasing peptides and the orally available small-molecule drug ibutamoren mesylate.
Review of clinical studies on the safety and efficacy of GHSs in human subjects.
Report on the physiologic changes from GHS use in human subjects including its safety profile.
GHSs promote pulsatile release of GH that is subject to negative feedback and can prevent supra-therapeutic levels of GH and their sequelae. To date, few long-term, rigorously controlled studies have examined the efficacy and safety of GHSs, although GHSs might improve growth velocity in children, stimulate appetite, improve lean mass in wasting states and in obese individuals, decrease bone turnover, increase fat-free mass, and improve sleep. Available studies indicate that GHSs are well tolerated, with some concern for increases in blood glucose because of decreases in insulin sensitivity.
Further work is needed to better understand the long-term impact of GHSs on human anatomy and physiology and more specifically in the context of a diversity of clinical scenarios. Furthermore, the safety of these compounds with long-term use, including evaluation of cancer incidence and mortality, is needed. Sigalos JT, Pastuszak AW. The Safety and Efficacy of Growth Hormone Secretagogues. Sex Med Rev 2018;6:45-53.
生长激素（GH）可增加瘦体重、减少脂肪量、提高运动耐量和最大摄氧量、增强肌肉力量并促进线性生长。GH 给药的长期研究结果对其安全性存在争议，这导致了食品和药物管理局对 GH 使用的严格标准。外源性 GH 使用的潜在缺点部分归因于调节反馈受损。
综述 GH 促分泌剂（GHSs）的文献，包括生长激素释放肽和可口服的小分子药物 ibutamoren 甲磺酸。
回顾 GHS 在人体中的安全性和疗效的临床研究。
报告 GHS 对人体生理变化的影响，包括其安全性概况。
GHSs 可促进 GH 的脉冲式释放，受负反馈调节，可防止 GH 超治疗水平及其后果。迄今为止，很少有长期、严格控制的研究检查 GHSs 的疗效和安全性，尽管 GHSs 可能会增加儿童的生长速度、刺激食欲、改善消瘦和肥胖个体的瘦体重、减少骨转换、增加去脂体重并改善睡眠。现有研究表明，GHSs 耐受性良好，但一些研究对由于胰岛素敏感性下降导致的血糖升高表示担忧。
需要进一步研究以更好地了解 GHSs 对人体解剖和生理学的长期影响，特别是在多种临床情况下的影响。此外，还需要评估这些化合物的长期安全性，包括对癌症发病率和死亡率的评估。Sigalos JT，Pastuszak AW。生长激素促分泌剂的安全性和疗效。性医学评论 2018；6：45-53。
