Sommer F, Lindemann J, Scheithauer M-O, Hoffmann T K, Veit J A
Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Frauensteige 12, 89075, Ulm, Deutschland.
HNO. 2017 May;65(5):443-456. doi: 10.1007/s00106-017-0349-5.
The nose forms the first 8 cm of the upper respiratory tract and is responsible for cleansing, humidification, and temperature control of the supplied air. This is also referred to as conditioning. The nasal valve region, formed by the head of the lower nasal concha, portions of the cartilaginous septum, and the upper lateral cartilage, is responsible for diffusing and accelerating the respiratory airflow. Prerequisite are regular mucociliary clearance and sufficient air passage. Hypertrophy of the lower nasal turbinate is one of the most common causes of symptomatic nasal congestion. In unclear cases, rhinometric procedures are available. In addition to conservative therapy of allergic or vasomotor rhinitis by specific immunotherapy or topical corticoids, numerous interventional procedures are available to reduce conchal tissue. All modern methods have a high degree of protection of the respiratory mucosa in common.
鼻子构成上呼吸道的前8厘米，负责对吸入空气进行清洁、加湿和温度调节。这也被称为调节作用。鼻瓣区由下鼻甲头部、鼻中隔软骨部分和上外侧软骨组成，负责使呼吸气流扩散并加速。前提条件是要有规律的黏液纤毛清除功能和足够的气道。下鼻甲肥大是引起症状性鼻充血最常见的原因之一。在诊断不明确的情况下，可以采用鼻测量法。除了通过特异性免疫疗法或局部使用皮质类固醇对过敏性或血管运动性鼻炎进行保守治疗外，还有许多介入手术可用于减少鼻甲组织。所有现代方法都有一个共同特点，即对呼吸道黏膜有高度保护作用。
