Katz P A, Boswell S
Genet Soc Gen Psychol Monogr. 1986 Feb;112(1):103-47.
The present study examined the correlates of variability in children's gender-role preferences. A multidimensional test battery assessed the traditionality of preferences of 376 kindergarten and third grade children in five different gender role domains, and elicited information about three significant socialization agents (parents, peers, and media). Parents of the children (N = 358) were also interviewed with regard to their attitudes and sex role socialization practices. Predictions were generated from an existing theoretical developmental model. Boys exhibited stronger sex-typed preferences than did girls. Older girls were more flexible and older boys less flexible than were their younger counterparts. In accordance with prediction, two factors were obtained; the first relevant to current gender-related activities, the other to future expectations. Present-oriented gender preferences correlated best with peer perceptions, whereas future expectations (e.g. job aspirations) were best predicted by media choices. Parental data correlated with children's preferences but not as strongly as did the peer and media scales. Predictability of children's gender-role orientations was reasonably high when a number of factors were included, thus supporting the utility of a multidimensional approach.
本研究考察了儿童性别角色偏好差异的相关因素。一套多维测试工具评估了376名幼儿园和三年级儿童在五个不同性别角色领域的偏好传统程度，并收集了有关三个重要社会化影响因素（父母、同伴和媒体）的信息。还对这些儿童的父母（N = 358）就其态度和性别角色社会化实践进行了访谈。预测是根据现有的理论发展模型得出的。男孩表现出比女孩更强的性别类型偏好。年龄较大的女孩比年龄较小的女孩更灵活，而年龄较大的男孩比年龄较小的男孩更不灵活。与预测一致，得到了两个因素；第一个与当前与性别相关的活动有关，另一个与未来期望有关。以当前为导向的性别偏好与同伴认知的相关性最强，而未来期望（如职业抱负）则最能通过媒体选择来预测。父母的数据与孩子的偏好相关，但不如同伴和媒体量表的相关性强。当纳入多个因素时，儿童性别角色取向的可预测性相当高，从而支持了多维方法的实用性。
