Doan Thuy, Arzika Ahmed M, Ray Kathryn J, Cotter Sun Y, Kim Jessica, Maliki Ramatou, Zhong Lina, Zhou Zhaoxia, Porco Travis C, Vanderschelden Benjamin, Keenan Jeremy D, Lietman Thomas M
Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
Clin Infect Dis. 2017 May 1;64(9):1147-1153. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix141.
Antibiotic exposure can alter the gut microbiome. We evaluate the effects of azithromycin on the gut microbiome diversity of children from an antibiotic-naive community in Niger.
A population-based sample of 80 children aged 1-60 months in the Dosso region of Niger was randomized to receive a single dose of either oral azithromycin or placebo. Fecal samples were collected immediately before treatment and 5 days after treatment for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The prespecified outcome was α-diversity (inverse Simpson's α-diversity index), with secondary outcomes of β and γ Simpson's and Shannon's diversities.
At 5 days after treatment, 40 children aged 1-60 months were analyzed in the azithromycin-treated group and 40 children in the placebo-treated group. Diversity of the gut microbiome was significantly lower in the treated group (inverse Simpson's α-diversity, 5.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.08-6.14) than in the placebo group (6.91; 95% CI, 5.82-8.21; P = .03). Similarly, the Shannon's α-diversity was lower in the treated group (10.60; 95% CI, 8.82-12.36) than the placebo group (15.42; 95% CI, 13.24-17.80; P = .004). Simpson's community-level (γ) diversity decreased with azithromycin exposure from 17.72 (95% CI, 13.80-20.21) to 10.10 (95% CI, 7.80-11.40; P = .00008), although β-diversity was not significantly reduced (2.56, 95% CI, 1.88-3.12; to 2.01, 95% CI, 1.46-2.51; P = .26).
Oral administration of azithromycin definitively decreases the diversity of the gut microbiome of children in an antibiotic-naive community.
NCT02048007.
抗生素暴露可改变肠道微生物群。我们评估了阿奇霉素对来自尼日尔一个未接触过抗生素社区儿童肠道微生物群多样性的影响。
在尼日尔多索地区，对80名年龄在1至60个月的儿童进行基于人群的抽样，随机分为两组，分别接受单剂量口服阿奇霉素或安慰剂。在治疗前及治疗后5天采集粪便样本，进行16S rRNA基因测序。预先设定的结果是α多样性（逆辛普森α多样性指数），次要结果是β和γ辛普森多样性以及香农多样性。
治疗后5天，阿奇霉素治疗组分析了40名1至60个月的儿童，安慰剂治疗组分析了40名儿童。治疗组的肠道微生物群多样性显著低于安慰剂组（逆辛普森α多样性，5.03；95%置信区间[CI]，4.08 - 6.14）（安慰剂组为6.91；95% CI，5.82 - 8.21；P = 0.03）。同样，治疗组的香农α多样性也低于安慰剂组（10.60；95% CI，8.82 - 12.36）（安慰剂组为15.42；95% CI，13.24 - 17.80；P = 0.004）。随着阿奇霉素暴露，辛普森群落水平（γ）多样性从17.72（95% CI，13.80 - 20.21）降至10.10（95% CI，7.80 - 11.40；P = 0.00008），尽管β多样性没有显著降低（2.56，95% CI，1.88 - 3.12；降至2.01，95% CI，1.46 - 2.51；P = 0.26）。
口服阿奇霉素确实会降低未接触过抗生素社区儿童的肠道微生物群多样性。
NCT02048007。
