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大学生药物使用的患病率和发病率:一项为期8年的纵向分析。

Prevalence and incidence of drug use among college students: an 8-year longitudinal analysis.

作者信息

Arria Amelia M, Caldeira Kimberly M, Allen Hannah K, Bugbee Brittany A, Vincent Kathryn B, O'Grady Kevin E

机构信息

a Department of Behavioral and Community Health, Center on Young Adult Health and Development , University of Maryland School of Public Health , College Park , MD , USA.

b Department of Psychology , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA.

出版信息

Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2017 Nov;43(6):711-718. doi: 10.1080/00952990.2017.1310219. Epub 2017 Apr 12.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Drug use among college students is associated with adverse academic and health outcomes and risks to personal safety.

OBJECTIVES

This study utilized data from a longitudinal study to estimate annual prevalence, cumulative lifetime prevalence, and incidence of ten types of drug use during the eight years after college entry and the average age of onset of each drug used.

METHODS

Participants (N = 1,253; 52% female) were young adults who were originally enrolled as first-time, first-year students at a university in the mid-Atlantic US. Annual personal interviews gathered data about the use of seven illicit drugs and three prescription drugs used nonmedically. Annual follow-up rates ranged from 76 to 91%.

RESULTS

Marijuana was the most commonly used drug in every year of the study, with the highest annual prevalence estimates in Year 3 (47%). In Year 8, when the modal age of participants was 25, 29% used marijuana during the past year. Nonmedical use of prescription drugs was more prevalent during college than in the later years of the study. Although the prevalence of cocaine and ecstasy use was low (cumulative prevalence estimates of 17% and 13% respectively), incidence for these drugs was particularly high in the later years of the study.

CONCLUSION

Drug use is prevalent among college students, and drug use persists among young adults, even after many have graduated college. More attention should be directed at identifying and intervening with students at risk for drug use to mitigate possible academic, health, and safety consequences.

摘要

背景

大学生吸毒与不良学业成绩、健康问题以及个人安全风险相关。

目的

本研究利用一项纵向研究的数据,估计大学入学后八年间十种药物使用类型的年患病率、累积终生患病率、发病率以及每种药物使用的平均起始年龄。

方法

参与者(N = 1253;52%为女性)为年轻成年人,最初是美国中大西洋地区一所大学的首次入学的大一学生。每年进行个人访谈,收集关于七种非法药物和三种非医疗用途处方药使用情况的数据。年度随访率在76%至91%之间。

结果

在研究的每一年中,大麻都是使用最普遍的药物,第3年的年患病率估计最高(47%)。在第8年,参与者的众数年龄为25岁,过去一年中有29%的人使用过大麻。大学期间非医疗用途处方药的使用比研究后期更为普遍。虽然可卡因和摇头丸的使用率较低(累积患病率估计分别为17%和13%),但在研究后期这些药物的发病率特别高。

结论

吸毒在大学生中很普遍,即使许多学生已经大学毕业,吸毒现象在年轻人中仍然存在。应更加关注识别和干预有吸毒风险的学生,以减轻可能的学业、健康和安全后果。

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