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作者信息

Junne Florian, Rieger Monika, Michaelis Martina, Nikendei Christoph, Gündel Harald, Zipfel Stephan, Rothermund Eva

机构信息

Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Universitätsklinik Tübingen.

Institut für Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin und Versorgungsforschung, Universitätsklinik Tübingen.

出版信息

Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol. 2017 Apr;67(3-04):161-173. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-103270. Epub 2017 Apr 12.

Abstract

Psycho-mental stressors and increased perceived stress in workplace settings may determine the onset and course of stress-related mental and psychosomatic disorders. For the description of psycho-mental stressors three distinct models have widely been used in the analyses of the matter: the Demand-Control-Model by Karasek and Theorell, the Effort-Reward-Imbalance Model by Siegrist, and the Model of Organisational Justice.The interactional or social dimension in work-place settings can be seen as a cross-sectional dimension to the above mentioned models. Here, social conflicts and mobbing, as specific forms of interactional problems, are of importance.Besides measures of primary prevention which can be derived from applying the above mentioned models, attention is paid increasingly to secondary and tertiary preventive measures in work-place settings. Concepts such as the psychosomatic consultation-hour within the context of workplace showed to be effective measures for the early detection of people at risk or early stages of e. g. stress-related psychosomatic disorders.Furthermore, step-wise reintegration of members of the work-force play an important role within the effort to retain the ability to work and the workplace of individuals who suffered from stress-related mental disorders, as it has to be stressed that working and social interactions at the workplace may well be a resource that enhances and stipulates psycho-mental well-being and mental health.This CME-Article describes the above mentioned models and discusses selected perspectives of preventive measures to avoid stress-related mental disorders in members of the work-force.

摘要

职场环境中的心理精神压力源以及感知到的压力增加,可能会决定与压力相关的精神和身心障碍的发病及病程。在对这一问题的分析中,为描述心理精神压力源,广泛使用了三种不同的模型:卡拉塞克(Karasek)和西奥雷尔(Theorell)的需求-控制模型、西格里斯特(Siegrist)的付出-回报失衡模型以及组织公正模型。职场环境中的人际或社会维度可被视为上述模型的一个横断面维度。在这里,社会冲突和职场暴力作为人际问题的特定形式,具有重要意义。除了可从应用上述模型得出的一级预防措施外,职场环境中的二级和三级预防措施也越来越受到关注。诸如职场环境下的身心咨询门诊等概念,被证明是早期发现处于危险中的人群或处于例如与压力相关的身心障碍早期阶段人群的有效措施。此外,逐步让劳动力成员重新融入,在努力保留患有与压力相关精神障碍的个人的工作能力和工作场所方面发挥着重要作用,因为必须强调的是,职场中的工作和社交互动很可能是增强和促进心理精神幸福感及心理健康的一种资源。这篇继续医学教育文章描述了上述模型,并讨论了为避免劳动力成员出现与压力相关精神障碍而采取的预防措施的选定观点。

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