Tanaka Mitsuru, Yasuoka Akihito, Shimizu Manae, Saito Yoshikazu, Kumakura Kei, Asakura Tomiko, Nagai Toshitada
Nissin Global Innovation Center, Nissin Foods Holdings, 2100 Tobukimachi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0001 Japan.
Project on Health and Anti-Aging, Kanagawa Academy of Science and Technology, Life Science and Environment Research Center (LiSE) 4F C-4, 3-25-13 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821 Japan.
Genes Nutr. 2017 Apr 8;12:10. doi: 10.1186/s12263-017-0558-2. eCollection 2017.
To elucidate the effects of altered dietary carbohydrate and fat balance on liver and adipose tissue transcriptomes, 3-week-old rats were fed three kinds of diets: low-, moderate-, and high-fat diets (L, M, and H) containing a different ratio of carbohydrate-fat (C-F) (65:15, 60:20, and 35:45 in energy percent, respectively).
The rats consumed the diets for 9 weeks and were subjected to biochemical and DNA microarray analyses.
The rats in the H-group exhibited lower serum triacylglycerol (TG) levels but higher liver TG and cholesterol content than rats in the L-group. The analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between each group (L vs M, M vs H, and L vs H) in the liver revealed about 35% of L vs H DEGs that were regulated in the same way as M vs H DEGs, and most of the others were L- vs H-specific. Gene ontology analysis of these L vs H DEGs indicated that those related to fatty acid synthesis and circadian rhythm were enriched. Interestingly, about 30% of L vs M DEGs were regulated in a reverse way compared with L vs H and M vs H DEGs. These reversed liver DEGs included M-up/H-down genes ( for gluconeogenesis from amino acids) and M-down/H-up genes ( for gluconeogenesis from glycerol, for TG synthesis, and for beta-oxidation). We also analyzed L vs H DEGs in white (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissues and found that both oxidation and synthesis of fatty acids were inhibited in these tissues.
These results indicate that the alteration of dietary C-F balance differentially affects the transcriptomes of metabolizing and energy-storing tissues.
为阐明饮食中碳水化合物和脂肪平衡改变对肝脏和脂肪组织转录组的影响，给3周龄大鼠喂食三种饮食：低碳水化合物高脂肪饮食、中碳水化合物高脂肪饮食和高碳水化合物高脂肪饮食（分别为L、M和H），其碳水化合物-脂肪（C-F）比例不同（能量百分比分别为65:15、60:20和35:45）。
大鼠食用这些饮食9周后，进行生化和DNA微阵列分析。
H组大鼠血清三酰甘油（TG）水平低于L组，但肝脏TG和胆固醇含量高于L组。对肝脏中每组（L与M、M与H以及L与H）之间的差异表达基因（DEG）进行分析发现，L与H的DEG中约35%的调控方式与M与H的DEG相同，其他大多数是L与H特有的。对这些L与H的DEG进行基因本体分析表明，与脂肪酸合成和昼夜节律相关的基因得到富集。有趣的是，与L与H以及M与H的DEG相比，L与M的DEG中约30%的调控方式相反。这些肝脏中相反的DEG包括M上调/H下调基因（用于氨基酸糖异生）和M下调/H上调基因（用于甘油糖异生、TG合成和β氧化）。我们还分析了白色（WAT）和棕色（BAT）脂肪组织中的L与H的DEG，发现这些组织中脂肪酸的氧化和合成均受到抑制。
这些结果表明，饮食中C-F平衡的改变对代谢和能量储存组织的转录组有不同影响。
