Heaney Megan, Gray Russell D, Taylor Alex H
School of Psychology , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand.
School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany; Research School of the Social Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
R Soc Open Sci. 2017 Mar 15;4(3):160461. doi: 10.1098/rsos.160461. eCollection 2017 Mar.
It has been suggested that inequity aversion is a mechanism that evolved in humans to maximize the pay-offs from engaging in cooperative tasks and to foster long-term cooperative relationships between unrelated individuals. In support of this, evidence of inequity aversion in nonhuman animals has typically been found in species that, like humans, live in complex social groups and demonstrate cooperative behaviours. We examined inequity aversion in the kea (), which lives in social groups but does not appear to demonstrate wild cooperative behaviours, using a classic token exchange paradigm. We compared the number of successful exchanges and the number of abandoned trials in each condition and found no evidence of an aversion to inequitable outcomes when there was a difference between reward quality or working effort required between actor and partner. We also found no evidence of inequity aversion when the subject received no reward while their partner received a low-value reward.
有人认为，不平等厌恶是人类进化出的一种机制，目的是在参与合作任务时使回报最大化，并促进无关个体之间的长期合作关系。支持这一观点的是，在非人类动物中，不平等厌恶的证据通常出现在像人类一样生活在复杂社会群体并表现出合作行为的物种中。我们使用经典的代币交换范式，研究了啄羊鹦鹉（kea）的不平等厌恶，啄羊鹦鹉生活在社会群体中，但似乎没有表现出野生的合作行为。我们比较了每种情况下成功交换的次数和放弃试验的次数，发现在行为者和伙伴之间奖励质量或所需工作努力存在差异时，没有证据表明对不公平结果存在厌恶。当受试者没有得到奖励而其伙伴得到低价值奖励时，我们也没有发现不平等厌恶的证据。
