Kumar Sunil, Smith Stephen R, Fowler Geoff, Velis Costas, Kumar S Jyoti, Arya Shashi, Kumar Rakesh, Cheeseman Christopher
CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nehru Marg , Nagpur , India.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Imperial College London , London , UK.
R Soc Open Sci. 2017 Mar 22;4(3):160764. doi: 10.1098/rsos.160764. eCollection 2017 Mar.
India faces major environmental challenges associated with waste generation and inadequate waste collection, transport, treatment and disposal. Current systems in India cannot cope with the volumes of waste generated by an increasing urban population, and this impacts on the environment and public health. The challenges and barriers are significant, but so are the opportunities. This paper reports on an international seminar on 'Sustainable solid waste management for cities: opportunities in South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries' organized by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute and the Royal Society. A priority is to move from reliance on waste dumps that offer no environmental protection, to waste management systems that retain useful resources within the economy. Waste segregation at source and use of specialized waste processing facilities to separate recyclable materials has a key role. Disposal of residual waste after extraction of material resources needs engineered landfill sites and/or investment in waste-to-energy facilities. The potential for energy generation from landfill via methane extraction or thermal treatment is a major opportunity, but a key barrier is the shortage of qualified engineers and environmental professionals with the experience to deliver improved waste management systems in India.
印度面临着与垃圾产生以及垃圾收集、运输、处理和处置不足相关的重大环境挑战。印度目前的系统无法应对不断增长的城市人口所产生的垃圾量，这对环境和公众健康产生了影响。挑战和障碍巨大，但机遇同样如此。本文报道了由科学与工业研究理事会-国家环境工程研究所和皇家学会组织的一场关于“城市可持续固体废物管理：南亚区域合作联盟（南盟）国家的机遇”的国际研讨会。当务之急是从依赖毫无环境保护作用的垃圾场，转向能在经济体系内保留有用资源的废物管理系统。源头垃圾分类以及使用专门的垃圾处理设施来分离可回收材料起着关键作用。在提取物质资源后对残余垃圾进行处置需要工程填埋场和/或对垃圾转化能源设施进行投资。通过甲烷提取或热处理从垃圾填埋场发电的潜力是一个重大机遇，但一个关键障碍是缺乏有经验的合格工程师和环境专业人员来在印度提供改进后的废物管理系统。
