Proctor Diana M, Relman David A
Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Infectious Diseases Section, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
Cell Host Microbe. 2017 Apr 12;21(4):421-432. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.03.011.
Landscape ecology examines the relationships between the spatial arrangement of different landforms and the processes that give rise to spatial and temporal patterns in local community structure. The spatial ecology of the microbial communities that inhabit the human body-in particular, those of the nose, mouth, and throat-deserves greater attention. Important questions include what defines the size of a population (i.e., "patch") in a given body site, what defines the boundaries of distinct patches within a single body site, and where and over what spatial scales within a body site are gradients detected. This Review looks at the landscape ecology of the upper respiratory tract and mouth and seeks greater clarity about the physiological factors-whether immunological, chemical, or physical-that govern microbial community composition and function and the ecological traits that underlie health and disease.
景观生态学研究不同地形的空间布局与导致当地群落结构出现时空格局的过程之间的关系。栖息于人体（尤其是鼻子、口腔和喉咙）的微生物群落的空间生态学值得更多关注。重要问题包括：在给定身体部位中，是什么决定了种群（即“斑块”）的大小？在单个身体部位内，是什么界定了不同斑块的边界？在身体部位内何处以及在何种空间尺度上能检测到梯度变化？本综述着眼于上呼吸道和口腔的景观生态学，力求更清晰地了解控制微生物群落组成和功能的生理因素（无论是免疫、化学还是物理因素）以及作为健康和疾病基础的生态特征。
