Lumb Rachael, Buckberry Sam, Secker Genevieve, Lawrence David, Schwarz Quenten
Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
University of Adelaide, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
BMC Dev Biol. 2017 Apr 13;17(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s12861-017-0147-z.
Cranial neural crest cells (NCCs) are a unique embryonic cell type which give rise to a diverse array of derivatives extending from neurons and glia through to bone and cartilage. Depending on their point of origin along the antero-posterior axis cranial NCCs are rapidly sorted into distinct migratory streams that give rise to axial specific structures. These migratory streams mirror the underlying segmentation of the brain with NCCs exiting the diencephalon and midbrain following distinct paths compared to those exiting the hindbrain rhombomeres (r). The genetic landscape of cranial NCCs arising at different axial levels remains unknown.
Here we have used RNA sequencing to uncover the transcriptional profiles of mouse cranial NCCs arising at different axial levels. Whole transcriptome analysis identified over 120 transcripts differentially expressed between NCCs arising anterior to r3 (referred to as r1-r2 migratory stream for simplicity) and the r4 migratory stream. Eight of the genes differentially expressed between these populations were validated by RT-PCR with 2 being further validated by in situ hybridisation. We also explored the expression of the Neuropilins (Nrp1 and Nrp2) and their co-receptors and show that the A-type Plexins are differentially expressed in different cranial NCC streams.
Our analyses identify a large number of genes differentially regulated between cranial NCCs arising at different axial levels. This data provides a comprehensive description of the genetic landscape driving diversity of distinct cranial NCC streams and provides novel insight into the regulatory networks controlling the formation of specific skeletal elements and the mechanisms promoting migration along different paths.
颅神经嵴细胞（NCCs）是一种独特的胚胎细胞类型，可产生从神经元、神经胶质到骨骼和软骨等多种衍生物。根据其在前后轴上的起源点，颅神经嵴细胞会迅速被分类到不同的迁移流中，这些迁移流会产生轴向特异性结构。这些迁移流反映了大脑的潜在节段性，与从后脑菱脑节（r）迁出的神经嵴细胞相比，从间脑和中脑迁出的神经嵴细胞遵循不同的路径。不同轴向水平产生的颅神经嵴细胞的基因图谱仍然未知。
在这里，我们使用RNA测序来揭示小鼠不同轴向水平产生的颅神经嵴细胞的转录谱。全转录组分析确定了在r3之前产生的神经嵴细胞（为简单起见称为r1-r2迁移流）和r4迁移流之间差异表达的120多个转录本。通过RT-PCR验证了这些群体之间差异表达的8个基因，其中2个通过原位杂交进一步验证。我们还研究了神经纤毛蛋白（Nrp1和Nrp2）及其共受体的表达，并表明A型丛状蛋白在不同的颅神经嵴细胞流中差异表达。
我们的分析确定了在不同轴向水平产生的颅神经嵴细胞之间大量差异调节的基因。这些数据全面描述了驱动不同颅神经嵴细胞流多样性的基因图谱，并为控制特定骨骼元素形成的调控网络以及促进沿不同路径迁移的机制提供了新的见解。
