da Costa Liliane Peralta, Dias Sónia Ferreira, Martins Maria do Rosário Oliveira
Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008, Lisbon, Portugal.
BMC Public Health. 2017 Apr 13;17(1):316. doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4252-5.
Despite the importance of immigrant population in Portugal few studies have analyzed the patterns of overweight/obesity in this subpopulation. The aims of this study are: (i) describe and compare the prevalence of overweight between immigrants and natives in Portugal; (ii) analyze the association between length of residence and overweight among adult immigrants in Portugal.
A cross-sectional study (2005-2006) in a representative sample of the Portuguese population from national territory, including the Autonomous Regions of Azores and Madeira. The final sample comprised 31,685 adult participants (≥19 years old), of whom 4.6% were immigrants. Country of birth was used to determine immigrant condition. Logistic regressions were conducted to investigate the association between overweight (dependent variable) and length of residence (exposure), adjusting for all covariates in the study. A 5% confidence level and 95% CI were considered.
The percentage of immigrants that are overweight [44.9% (95% CI: 42.3; 47.5)] was lower than for natives [52.8% (95% CI: 52.2; 53.4)]. The migrant condition, after adjusted for sociodemographic variables, was not associated with overweight [OR 1.004 (95% CI: 0.998; 1.010)]. Among immigrants, being women [OR 0.585 (95% CI: 0.583; 0.587)], not married [OR 0.784 (95% CI: 0.781; 0.787)] and with a higher education [OR 0.481 (95% CI: 0.478; 0.483)], are probably protective factors of being overweight. Adjusting for other factors, the odds of being overweight for a long-term immigrant (≥15 years) was 1.3 times higher [OR 1.274 (95% CI: 1.250; 1.299)] than for the newcomers (<4 years).
The prevalence of overweight was higher for natives than immigrants. Length of residence (≥15 years) was positively associated with prevalence of overweight, among adult immigrant population. In the future, understanding dietary patterns and acculturation process may be important for health immigrant studies.
尽管移民人口在葡萄牙很重要，但很少有研究分析这一亚人群中超重/肥胖的模式。本研究的目的是：（i）描述并比较葡萄牙移民和本土居民中超重的患病率；（ii）分析葡萄牙成年移民的居住时长与超重之间的关联。
一项横断面研究（2005 - 2006年），对来自葡萄牙本土包括亚速尔群岛和马德拉自治区的具有代表性的葡萄牙人群样本进行研究。最终样本包括31,685名成年参与者（≥19岁），其中4.6%为移民。根据出生国来确定移民身份。进行逻辑回归分析以研究超重（因变量）与居住时长（暴露因素）之间的关联，并对研究中的所有协变量进行调整。采用5%的置信水平和95%的置信区间。
超重移民的百分比[44.9%（95%置信区间：42.3；47.5）]低于本土居民[52.8%（95%置信区间：52.2；53.4）]。在对社会人口学变量进行调整后，移民身份与超重无关联[比值比1.004（95%置信区间：0.998；1.010）]。在移民中，女性[比值比0.585（95%置信区间：0.583；0.587）]、未婚[比值比0.784（95%置信区间：0.781；0.787）]以及受过高等教育[比值比0.481（95%置信区间：0.478；0.483）]可能是超重的保护因素。在对其他因素进行调整后，长期移民（≥15年）超重的几率比新移民（<4年）高1.3倍[比值比1.274（95%置信区间：1.250；1.299）]。
本土居民中超重的患病率高于移民。在成年移民人群中，居住时长（≥15年）与超重患病率呈正相关。未来，了解饮食模式和文化适应过程可能对移民健康研究很重要。
