School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
Crop Protection Branch, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Locked Bag No. 4, Bentley Delivery Centre, Perth, WA 6983, Australia.
Virus Res. 2017 Sep 15;241:145-155. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.04.005. Epub 2017 Apr 11.
Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV) infection causes a serious disease of field pea (Pisum sativum) crops worldwide. The PSbMV transmission efficiencies of five aphid species previously found landing in south-west Australian pea crops in which PSbMV was spreading were studied. With plants of susceptible pea cv. Kaspa, the transmission efficiencies of Aphis craccivora, Myzus persicae, Acyrthosiphon kondoi and Rhopalosiphum padi were 27%, 26%, 6% and 3%, respectively. Lipaphis erysimi did not transmit PSbMV in these experiments. The transmission efficiencies found for M. persicae and A. craccivora resembled earlier findings, but PSbMV vector transmission efficiency data were unavailable for A. kondoi, R. padi and L. erysimi. With plants of partially PSbMV resistant pea cv. PBA Twilight, transmission efficiencies of M. persicae, A. craccivora and R. padi were 16%, 12% and 1%, respectively, reflecting putative partial resistance to aphid inoculation. To examine aphid alighting preferences over time, free-choice assays were conducted with two aphid species representing efficient (M. persicae) and inefficient (R. padi) vector species. For this, alatae were set free on multiple occasions (10-15 repetitions each) amongst PSbMV-infected and mock-inoculated pea or faba bean (Vicia faba) plants. Following release, non-viruliferous R. padi alatae exhibited a general preference for PSbMV-infected pea and faba bean plants after 30min-4h, but preferred mock-inoculated plants after 24h. In contrast, non-viruliferous M. persicae alatae alighted on mock-inoculated pea plants preferentially for up to 48h following their release. With faba bean, M. persicae preferred infected plants at the front of assay cages, but mock-inoculated ones their backs, apparently due to increased levels of natural light there. When preliminary analyses were performed to detect PSbMV-induced changes in the volatile organic compound profiles of pea and faba bean plants, higher numbers of volatiles representing a range of compound groups (such as aldehydes, ketones and esters) were found in the headspaces of PSbMV-infected than of mock-inoculated pea or faba bean plants. This indicates PSbMV induces physiological changes in these hosts which manifest as altered volatile emissions. These alterations could be responsible for the differences in alighting preferences. Information from this study enhances understanding of virus-vector relationships in the PSbMV-pea and faba bean pathosystems.
豌豆种传花叶病毒（PSbMV）感染会导致世界各地的田间豌豆（Pisum sativum）作物出现严重病害。此前在澳大利亚西南部发现降落并传播 PSbMV 的豌豆作物中，五种蚜虫的 PSbMV 传播效率研究如下。在易感豌豆品种 Kaspa 上，桃蚜、烟粉虱、康多蚜虫和禾谷缢管蚜的传播效率分别为 27%、26%、6%和 3%。李蚜在这些实验中没有传播 PSbMV。烟粉虱和桃蚜的传播效率与早期的发现相似，但康多蚜虫、禾谷缢管蚜和李蚜的 PSbMV 媒介传播效率数据尚不可用。在部分抗 PSbMV 的豌豆品种 PBA Twilight 上，烟粉虱、桃蚜和禾谷缢管蚜的传播效率分别为 16%、12%和 1%，反映出对蚜虫接种的部分抗性。为了检查蚜虫随时间的降落偏好，使用两种代表高效（烟粉虱）和低效（禾谷缢管蚜）媒介的蚜虫进行了自由选择测定。为此，在 PSbMV 感染和模拟接种的豌豆或蚕豆（Vicia faba）植株上多次释放有翅蚜（每次 10-15 次重复）。释放后，非毒力的禾谷缢管蚜在 30 分钟至 4 小时后对 PSbMV 感染的豌豆和蚕豆植株表现出一般偏好，但在 24 小时后偏好模拟接种的植株。相比之下，非毒力的烟粉虱在释放后长达 48 小时内优先降落在模拟接种的豌豆植株上。在蚕豆上，烟粉虱喜欢在实验箱前部感染的植株上降落，但在后面喜欢模拟接种的植株，显然是因为那里的自然光水平增加。当初步分析检测豌豆和蚕豆植株中 PSbMV 诱导的挥发性有机化合物谱变化时，在 PSbMV 感染的豌豆和蚕豆植株的头空间中发现了更多数量的代表多种化合物组（如醛、酮和酯）的挥发物。这表明 PSbMV 诱导这些宿主发生生理变化，表现为挥发性排放的改变。这些变化可能是降落偏好差异的原因。本研究提供的信息增强了对 PSbMV-豌豆和蚕豆病害系统中病毒-媒介关系的理解。
