Congdon B S, Coutts B A, Renton M, Jones R A C
School of Agriculture and Environment and Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
Crop Protection Branch, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, Perth, WA 6983, Australia.
Plant Dis. 2017 Jun;101(6):929-940. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-08-16-1203-RE. Epub 2017 Mar 28.
Drivers of Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV) epidemics in rainfed field pea crops were examined under autumn to spring growing conditions in a Mediterranean-type environment. To collect aphid occurrence and PSbMV epidemic data under a diverse range of conditions, 23 field pea data collection blocks were set up over a 6-year period (2010 to 2015) at five locations in the southwest Australian grain-growing region. PSbMV infection levels in seed sown (0.1 to 13%), time of sowing (22 May to 22 June), and cultivar (Kaspa or PBA Twilight) varied with location and year. Throughout each growing season, rainfall data were collected, leaf and seed samples were tested to monitor PSbMV incidence in the crop and transmission from harvested seed, and sticky traps were used to monitor flying aphid numbers. Winged migrant Acyrthosiphon kondoi, Lipaphis erysimi, Myzus persicae, and Rhopalosiphum padi were identified in green tile traps in 2014 and 2015. However, no aphid colonization of field pea plants ever occurred in the blocks. The deductions made from collection block data illustrated how the magnitude of PSbMV spread prior to flowering is determined by two primary epidemic drivers: (i) PSbMV infection incidence in the seed sown, which defines the magnitude of virus inoculum source for within-crop spread by aphids, and (ii) presowing rainfall that promotes background vegetation growth which, in turn, drives early-season aphid populations and the time of first arrival of their winged migrants to field pea crops. Likely secondary epidemic drivers included wind-mediated PSbMV plant-to-plant contact transmission and time of sowing. PSbMV incidence at flowering time strongly influenced transmission rate from harvested seed to seedlings. The data collected are well suited for development and validation of a forecasting model that informs a Decision Support System for PSbMV control in field pea crops.
在地中海型环境下，于秋季至春季的生长条件下，研究了雨养田豌豆作物中豌豆种传花叶病毒（PSbMV）流行的驱动因素。为了在各种条件下收集蚜虫发生情况和PSbMV流行数据，在2010年至2015年的6年时间里，在澳大利亚西南部谷物种植区的5个地点设立了23个田豌豆数据收集区。播种种子中的PSbMV感染水平（0.1%至13%）、播种时间（5月22日至6月22日）和品种（卡斯帕或PBA暮光）随地点和年份而变化。在每个生长季节，收集降雨数据，检测叶片和种子样本以监测作物中PSbMV的发病率以及收获种子的传播情况，并使用粘虫板监测飞行蚜虫数量。2014年和2015年在绿色瓷砖诱捕器中鉴定出有翅迁移蚜种，即苜蓿蚜、甘蓝蚜、桃蚜和禾谷缢管蚜。然而，这些区域的田豌豆植株从未发生过蚜虫定殖。从收集区数据得出的推论表明，开花前PSbMV传播的规模是由两个主要的流行驱动因素决定的：（i）播种种子中的PSbMV感染发病率，它决定了蚜虫在作物内部传播的病毒接种源的规模；（ii）播种前的降雨促进了背景植被的生长，进而推动了早季蚜虫数量以及有翅迁移蚜首次到达田豌豆作物的时间。可能的次要流行驱动因素包括风介导的PSbMV植株间接触传播和播种时间。开花时的PSbMV发病率强烈影响从收获种子到幼苗的传播率。所收集的数据非常适合开发和验证一个预测模型，该模型可为田豌豆作物中PSbMV控制的决策支持系统提供信息。
