Jezek Mareike, Blatt Michael R
Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
Plant Physiol. 2017 Jun;174(2):487-519. doi: 10.1104/pp.16.01949. Epub 2017 Apr 13.
Stomatal guard cells are widely recognized as the premier plant cell model for membrane transport, signaling, and homeostasis. This recognition is rooted in half a century of research into ion transport across the plasma and vacuolar membranes of guard cells that drive stomatal movements and the signaling mechanisms that regulate them. Stomatal guard cells surround pores in the epidermis of plant leaves, controlling the aperture of the pore to balance CO entry into the leaf for photosynthesis with water loss via transpiration. The position of guard cells in the epidermis is ideally suited for cellular and subcellular research, and their sensitivity to endogenous signals and environmental stimuli makes them a primary target for physiological studies. Stomata underpin the challenges of water availability and crop production that are expected to unfold over the next 20 to 30 years. A quantitative understanding of how ion transport is integrated and controlled is key to meeting these challenges and to engineering guard cells for improved water use efficiency and agricultural yields.
气孔保卫细胞被广泛认为是研究膜运输、信号传导和体内平衡的首要植物细胞模型。这种认可源于半个世纪以来对保卫细胞跨质膜和液泡膜的离子运输的研究，这些运输驱动气孔运动以及调节气孔运动的信号传导机制。气孔保卫细胞围绕着植物叶片表皮上的气孔，控制气孔的孔径，以平衡光合作用所需的二氧化碳进入叶片与通过蒸腾作用导致的水分流失。保卫细胞在表皮中的位置非常适合进行细胞和亚细胞研究，并且它们对内源信号和环境刺激的敏感性使其成为生理学研究的主要对象。气孔是未来20至30年预计将出现的水资源可用性和作物生产挑战的关键所在。对离子运输如何整合和控制的定量理解是应对这些挑战以及改造保卫细胞以提高水分利用效率和农业产量的关键。
