Bhatt P N, Jacoby R O, Gras L
Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
Arch Virol. 1988;100(3-4):221-30. doi: 10.1007/BF01487685.
The pathogenesis and transmission of infection with the Moscow strain of ectromelia virus were studied in inbred mice. BALB/cAnNcr had high morbidity and mortality and C57BL/6Ncr (B6) mice had high morbidity and low mortality. Virus was detected in B6 mice for 2 weeks after subcutaneous (s.c.) inoculation and infected mice developed lesions compatible with acute mousepox. B6 inoculated by footpad transmitted infection to cagemates for up to five weeks and soiled cages that had housed infected mice were infectious for three weeks. S.c.-inoculated B6 mice also transmitted by contact for 2 weeks. Transmission was attributed to oronasal excretion of virus. Airborne transmission of infection between adjacent cages occurred at a low rate. Ectromelia virus-free progeny were derived from previously infected dams. These studies indicate that the highly virulent and infectious Moscow strain of ectromelia virus caused self-limiting infection in inbred mice and that direct contact is the most efficient means of transmission. These findings support the concept that mousepox can be contained by husbandry practices that minimize or eliminate the spread of infection by direct contact or fomites.
在近交系小鼠中研究了莫斯科株痘苗病毒感染的发病机制和传播情况。BALB/cAnNcr小鼠发病率和死亡率高，而C57BL/6Ncr（B6）小鼠发病率高但死亡率低。皮下接种后，在B6小鼠体内检测到病毒达2周，感染小鼠出现与急性鼠痘相符的病变。经足垫接种的B6小鼠将感染传播给同笼小鼠长达5周，曾饲养过感染小鼠的脏笼子在3周内具有传染性。皮下接种的B6小鼠也通过接触传播感染达2周。传播归因于病毒的口鼻排出。相邻笼子之间的空气传播感染发生率较低。无痘苗病毒的后代来自先前感染的母鼠。这些研究表明，高毒力和传染性的莫斯科株痘苗病毒在近交系小鼠中引起自限性感染，直接接触是最有效的传播方式。这些发现支持这样一种观念，即通过饲养管理措施尽量减少或消除通过直接接触或污染物传播感染，可以控制鼠痘。
