Hornbeak Kirsten B, Auerbach Paul S
Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford Kaiser Emergency Medicine Residency, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway Building M121, MC 5119, Stanford, CA 94305-2200, USA.
Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway Building M121, MC 5119, Stanford, CA 94305-2200, USA.
Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2017 May;35(2):321-337. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2016.12.004. Epub 2017 Mar 15.
Venomous aquatic animals are hazardous to swimmers, surfers, divers, and fishermen. Exposures include mild stings, bites, abrasions, and lacerations. Severe envenomations can be life threatening. This article reviews common marine envenomations, exploring causative species, clinical presentation, and current treatment recommendations. Recommendations are included for cnidaria, sponges, bristle worms, crown-of-thorns starfish, sea urchins, venomous fish, stingrays, cone snails, stonefish, blue-ringed octopus, and sea snakes. Immediate and long-term treatment options and management of common sequelae are reviewed. Antivenom administration, treatment of anaphylaxis, and surgical indications are discussed.
有毒水生动物对游泳者、冲浪者、潜水员和渔民构成危险。接触方式包括轻度蜇伤、咬伤、擦伤和撕裂伤。严重的中毒可能危及生命。本文回顾了常见的海洋中毒情况，探讨了致病物种、临床表现和当前的治疗建议。其中包括针对刺胞动物、海绵、刚毛虫、刺冠海星、海胆、有毒鱼类、黄貂鱼、芋螺、石鱼、蓝环章鱼和海蛇的建议。还回顾了常见后遗症的即时和长期治疗选择及管理。讨论了抗蛇毒血清的使用、过敏反应的治疗和手术指征。
