外泌体及其衍生的 microRNAs 在动脉粥样硬化中的作用。
The Role of Exosomes and Exosome-derived microRNAs in Atherosclerosis.
机构信息
The Mary and Garry Weston Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Thrombosis Research Institute, London, SW3 6LR, United Kingdom.
出版信息
Curr Pharm Des. 2017;23(40):6182-6193. doi: 10.2174/1381612823666170413125507.
BACKGROUND
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death and morbidity throughout industrialized nations, accounting for one-fifth of all deaths globally. Exosomes are bi-lipid membranous vesicles containing protein, lipid and nucleic acid contents that are released from the cells via the endolysosomal pathway. Exosomes are derived from several cells including macrophages, dendritic cells, platelets as well as human serum.
METHODS
In this review, an overview of recent advances, the evidence for the role of exosomes and exosomederived microRNAs (miRNAs) in atherosclerosis are provided.
RESULTS
Recent evidence has shown that exosomes derived from the cells mentioned above are involved in atherosclerosis, whose secretion appears to be regulated by various natural and experimental stimuli, physiological and pathological processes.
CONCLUSION
Exosomes are now accepted as specifically secreted vesicles that enable intercellular communications and have become exponentially interesting to be used as the possible relevant biomarkers in disease development such as cadiovascular disease, particular in atherosclerosis in addition to their minimally invasive clinical diagnosis.
背景
动脉粥样硬化是工业化国家死亡和发病的主要原因，占全球所有死亡人数的五分之一。外泌体是含有蛋白质、脂质和核酸的双脂质膜囊泡，通过内溶酶体途径从细胞中释放出来。外泌体来源于多种细胞，包括巨噬细胞、树突状细胞、血小板和人血清。
方法
在这篇综述中，提供了外泌体和外泌体衍生微小 RNA（miRNA）在动脉粥样硬化中的作用的最新进展和证据的概述。
结果
最近的证据表明，上述细胞来源的外泌体参与了动脉粥样硬化，其分泌似乎受多种天然和实验刺激、生理和病理过程的调节。
结论
外泌体现在被认为是专门分泌的囊泡，能够实现细胞间通讯，并因其在疾病发展中的可能相关生物标志物中的应用而引起了极大的兴趣，如心血管疾病，特别是动脉粥样硬化，除了它们微创的临床诊断。
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