Smigiel Kate S, Parks William C
Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2017;147:167-195. doi: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.01.003. Epub 2017 Mar 3.
As their name implies, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are thought to degrade extracellular matrix proteins, a function that is indeed performed by some members. However, regardless of their cell source, matrix degradation is not the only function of these enzymes. Rather, individual MMPs have been shown to regulate specific immune processes, such as leukocyte influx and migration, antimicrobial activity, macrophage activation, and restoration of barrier function, typically by processing a range of nonmatrix protein substrates. Indeed, MMP expression is low under steady-state conditions but is markedly induced during inflammatory processes including infection, wound healing, and cancer. Increasing research is showing that MMPs are not just a downstream consequence of a generalized inflammatory process, but rather are critical factors in the overall regulation of the pattern, type, and duration of immune responses. This chapter outlines the role of leukocytes in tissue remodeling and describes recent progress in our understanding of how MMPs alter leukocyte activity.
顾名思义，基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs）被认为可降解细胞外基质蛋白，某些成员确实具有这一功能。然而，无论其细胞来源如何，基质降解并非这些酶的唯一功能。相反，已表明单个MMPs通常通过加工一系列非基质蛋白底物来调节特定的免疫过程，如白细胞流入和迁移、抗菌活性、巨噬细胞活化以及屏障功能的恢复。事实上，MMPs在稳态条件下表达较低，但在包括感染、伤口愈合和癌症在内的炎症过程中会显著诱导表达。越来越多的研究表明，MMPs不仅仅是全身性炎症过程的下游结果，而是免疫反应模式、类型和持续时间整体调节中的关键因素。本章概述了白细胞在组织重塑中的作用，并描述了我们在理解MMPs如何改变白细胞活性方面的最新进展。
