Milić M, Grgantov Z, Chamari K, Ardigò L P, Bianco A, Padulo J
Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia.
Athlete Health and Performance Research Centre Aspetar, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.
Biol Sport. 2017 Mar;34(1):19-26. doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2017.63382. Epub 2016 Nov 11.
The aim of our study was to determine the differences in some anthropometric and physical performance variables of young Croatian female volleyball players (aged 13 to 15) in relation to playing position (i.e., independent variable) and performance level within each position (i.e., independent variable). Players were categorized according to playing position (i.e., role) as middle blockers (n=28), opposite hitters (n=41), passer-hitters (n=54), setters (n=30), and liberos (n=28). Within each position, players were divided into a more successful group and a less successful group according to team ranking in the latest regional championship and player quality within the team. Height and body mass, somatotype by the Heath-Carter method, and four tests of lower body power, speed, agility and upper body power (i.e., dependent variables) were assessed. Players in different positions differed significantly in height and all three somatotype components, but no significant differences were found in body mass, body mass index or measured physical performance variables. Players of different performance level differed significantly in both anthropometric and physical performance variables. Generally, middle blockers were taller, more ectomorphic, less mesomorphic and endomorphic, whereas liberos were shorter, less ectomorphic, more mesomorphic and endomorphic than players in other positions. More successful players in all positions had a lower body mass index, were less mesomorphic and endomorphic, and more ectomorphic than less successful players. Furthermore, more successful players showed better lower body power, speed, agility and upper body power. The results of this study can potentially provide coaches with useful indications about the use of somatotype selection and physical performance assessment for talent identification and development.
我们研究的目的是确定克罗地亚年轻女排运动员（年龄在13至15岁之间）在比赛位置（即自变量）以及每个位置内的表现水平（即自变量）方面，一些人体测量和身体表现变量的差异。运动员根据比赛位置（即角色）分为中间拦网手（n = 28）、对角强攻手（n = 41）、一传进攻手（n = 54）、二传手（n = 30）和自由人（n = 28）。在每个位置内，根据最近地区锦标赛中的团队排名和团队内的球员素质，将运动员分为较成功组和较不成功组。评估了身高、体重、希思 - 卡特体型法测定的体型，以及四项下肢力量、速度、敏捷性和上肢力量测试（即因变量）。不同位置的运动员在身高和所有三个体型成分上存在显著差异，但在体重、体重指数或测量的身体表现变量方面未发现显著差异。不同表现水平的运动员在人体测量和身体表现变量方面均存在显著差异。一般来说，与其他位置的运动员相比，中间拦网手更高，更偏外胚层体型，中胚层和内胚层体型特征较少，而自由人则更矮，外胚层体型特征较少，中胚层和内胚层体型特征较多。所有位置上较成功的运动员比不太成功的运动员体重指数更低，中胚层和内胚层体型特征较少，外胚层体型特征较多。此外，较成功的运动员在下肢力量、速度、敏捷性和上肢力量方面表现更好。本研究结果可能为教练在利用体型选择和身体表现评估进行人才识别和培养方面提供有用的参考。
