Holzman Emily, de Voogt Alex
Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017 May 1;88(5):497-499. doi: 10.3357/AMHP.4728.2017.
To examine the causes and factors of airplane landings on highways and the dangers to occupants of vehicles on the ground.
The U.S. National Transportation Safety Board online database provided 133 accidents involving a highway landing dating from 2000 to 2013. Supplemental information was sought in online media archives, which reported on 53 of these accidents. Collisions with highway-related objects, other options for landing, and witness accounts were added categories extracted from the narrative statements and media reports.
Highway landings occur mostly due to mechanical failures, ineffective preflight or in-flight planning, and fuel exhaustion, in addition to a lack of alternate landing options for a pilot of a fixed-wing aircraft. Most of the landings (N = 108) lead to minor or no injuries at all. A significant proportion of 7 out of 19 collisions with powerlines resulted in a fatality, as opposed to other types of accidents. Collisions with motor vehicles (N = 29) caused minor (N = 23) and serious (N = 2) injuries to people on the ground. Main online media archives covered less than half of all accidents (39.8%).
While highway landings are not a recommended landing alternative, mitigation strategies should include a focus on avoiding powerlines and vehicles on the ground. Unfortunately, online media archives are not yet a consistent source of information for general aviation accidents.Holzman E, de Voogt A. Emergency highway landings in general aviation and the possible role of media reports. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017; 88(5):497-499.
研究飞机在高速公路降落的原因及因素，以及对地面车辆驾乘人员的危险。
美国国家运输安全委员会在线数据库提供了2000年至2013年期间133起涉及高速公路降落的事故。从在线媒体档案中获取补充信息，这些档案报道了其中53起事故。与高速公路相关物体的碰撞、其他降落选择以及证人陈述是从叙述性声明和媒体报道中提取的新增类别。
除固定翼飞机飞行员缺乏备用降落选择外，高速公路降落主要是由于机械故障、飞行前或飞行中规划无效以及燃油耗尽。大多数降落（N = 108）导致轻伤或根本没有受伤。与电力线的19起碰撞中有7起导致死亡，这一比例显著高于其他类型的事故。与机动车的碰撞（N = 29）导致地面人员受轻伤（N = 23）和重伤（N = 2）。主要在线媒体档案覆盖的事故不到总数的一半（39.8%）。
虽然高速公路降落不是推荐的降落选择，但缓解策略应包括重点避免与电力线和地面车辆碰撞。不幸的是，在线媒体档案尚未成为通用航空事故信息的可靠来源。霍尔兹曼E，德沃格特A。通用航空中的紧急高速公路降落及媒体报道的可能作用。航空航天医学与人类表现。2017；88（5）：497 - 499。
