Belkaid Yasmine, Harrison Oliver J
Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; NIAID Microbiome Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Immunity. 2017 Apr 18;46(4):562-576. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.04.008.
The microbiota plays a fundamental role in the induction, education, and function of the host immune system. In return, the host immune system has evolved multiple means by which to maintain its symbiotic relationship with the microbiota. The maintenance of this dialogue allows the induction of protective responses to pathogens and the utilization of regulatory pathways involved in the sustained tolerance to innocuous antigens. The ability of microbes to set the immunological tone of tissues, both locally and systemically, requires tonic sensing of microbes and complex feedback loops between innate and adaptive components of the immune system. Here we review the dominant cellular mediators of these interactions and discuss emerging themes associated with our current understanding of the homeostatic immunological dialogue between the host and its microbiota.
微生物群在宿主免疫系统的诱导、塑造和功能方面发挥着重要作用。作为回报，宿主免疫系统已进化出多种方式来维持与微生物群的共生关系。这种对话的维持使得机体能够对病原体产生保护性反应，并利用参与对无害抗原持续耐受的调节途径。微生物在局部和全身层面设定组织免疫基调的能力，需要对微生物进行持续监测以及免疫系统固有成分和适应性成分之间形成复杂的反馈回路。在此，我们综述了这些相互作用的主要细胞介质，并讨论了与我们目前对宿主与其微生物群之间稳态免疫对话理解相关的新主题。
