Xu Zhiqiang, Wang Tao, Wang Yanjin, Li Yongfeng, Sun Yuan, Qiu Hua-Ji
State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
Front Immunol. 2025 Jul 25;16:1614879. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1614879. eCollection 2025.
The effects of gut microbiota on antiviral immunity have been well-documented in recent years, whereas a mechanistic understanding of microbiota-derived metabolite-related signaling pathways is still lacking. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), key metabolites produced by gut bacterial microbiota dietary fiber fermentation and amino acid metabolism, have been shown to facilitate host antiviral responses. In this review, we summarized the detailed mechanisms which could contribute to the regulation of antiviral immunity engaged and initiated by SCFAs, involving G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-mediated, histone deacetylase (HDAC)-mediated, and metabolic pathways. We also discuss the implications of SCFAs for viral disease management and pandemic preparedness. This review provides novel insights into the antiviral activities of SCFAs and highlights the therapeutic potential of SCFA-producing bacteria.
近年来，肠道微生物群对抗病毒免疫的影响已有充分记录，然而，对于微生物群衍生代谢物相关信号通路的机制理解仍很缺乏。短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）是肠道细菌微生物群通过膳食纤维发酵和氨基酸代谢产生的关键代谢产物，已被证明可促进宿主的抗病毒反应。在这篇综述中，我们总结了SCFAs参与和启动的抗病毒免疫调节的详细机制，包括G蛋白偶联受体（GPCR）介导、组蛋白脱乙酰酶（HDAC）介导和代谢途径。我们还讨论了SCFAs在病毒性疾病管理和大流行防范中的意义。这篇综述为SCFAs的抗病毒活性提供了新的见解，并突出了产生SCFA的细菌的治疗潜力。
