Medicine and Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, USA.
Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA.
Drug Alcohol Rev. 2018 May;37(4):480-486. doi: 10.1111/dar.12551. Epub 2017 Apr 20.
The Massachusetts Department of Public Health Overdose Education and Naloxone Distribution Program provides overdose education and naloxone rescue kits to people at risk for overdose and bystanders, including family members. Using Massachusetts Department of Public Health data, the aims are to: (i) describe characteristics of family members who receive naloxone; (ii) identify where family members obtain naloxone; and (iii) describe characteristics of rescues by family members.
We conducted a retrospective review using program enrollee information collected on a standardised form between 2008 and 2015. We calculated descriptive statistics, including demographics, current substance use, enrolment location, history of witnessed overdoses and rescue attempt characteristics. We conducted a stratified analysis comparing family members who used drugs with those who did not.
Family members were 27% of total program enrollees (n = 10 883/40 801). Family members who reported substance use (n = 4679) were 35.6 years (mean), 50.6% female, 76.3% non-Hispanic white, 75.6% had witnessed an overdose, and they obtained naloxone most frequently at HIV prevention programs. Family members who did not report substance use (n = 6148) were 49.2 years (mean), 73.8% female, 87.9% non-Hispanic white, 35.3% had witnessed an overdose, and they obtained naloxone most frequently at community meetings. Family members were responsible for 20% (n = 860/4373) of the total rescue attempts.
The Massachusetts experience demonstrates that family members can be active participants in responding to the overdose epidemic by rescuing family members and others. Targeted intervention strategies for families should be included in efforts to expand overdose education and naloxone in Massachusetts.
马萨诸塞州公共卫生部的过量用药教育和纳洛酮分发计划向有过量用药风险的人和旁观者（包括家属）提供过量用药教育和纳洛酮急救包。利用马萨诸塞州公共卫生部的数据，目的是：（i）描述接受纳洛酮的家属的特征；（ii）确定家属在哪里获得纳洛酮；（iii）描述家属的抢救特征。
我们使用 2008 年至 2015 年期间从标准表格中收集的项目参与者信息进行回顾性审查。我们计算了描述性统计数据，包括人口统计学特征、当前药物使用情况、登记地点、目睹过量用药和抢救尝试特征的历史。我们进行了分层分析，比较了使用药物的家属和未使用药物的家属。
家属占总项目参与者的 27%（n=10883/40801）。报告药物使用的家属（n=4679）年龄为 35.6 岁（平均年龄），50.6%为女性，76.3%为非西班牙裔白人，75.6%目睹过过量用药，他们最常从 HIV 预防计划中获得纳洛酮。未报告药物使用的家属（n=6148）年龄为 49.2 岁（平均年龄），73.8%为女性，87.9%为非西班牙裔白人，35.3%目睹过过量用药，他们最常从社区会议中获得纳洛酮。家属负责 20%（n=860/4373）的总抢救尝试。
马萨诸塞州的经验表明，家属可以通过抢救家属和其他人积极参与应对过量用药流行。在马萨诸塞州扩大过量用药教育和纳洛酮的努力中，应包括针对家庭的有针对性的干预策略。
