Leclerc A, Trehiou-Sechi E, Greunz E M, Damoiseaux C, Bouvard J, Chetboul V
Parc Zoologique et de Loisirs de Thoiry, 78770, Thoiry, France.
Unité de Cardiologie d'Alfort (UCA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire d'Alfort (CHUVA), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, 7 avenue Général de Gaulle, 94704, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France.
J Vet Cardiol. 2017 Jun;19(3):308-316. doi: 10.1016/j.jvc.2017.02.002. Epub 2017 Apr 20.
Systemic arterial hypertension (SHT) has been widely described in the domestic cat (Felis catus). In these feline patients, SHT is considered as the most common vascular disorder of middle-aged to older animals, and secondary SHT related to chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents the most common form of the disease. We describe here the first two cases of spontaneous SHT in large felids, i.e. one 18-year old, 34.4 kg, male North-Chinese leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis, case #1) and one 20-year old, 28.7 kg, female snow leopard (Panthera uncia, case #2), both captive-bred and previously diagnosed with CKD. Both animals underwent complete echocardiographic examination under general anesthesia due to abnormal cardiac auscultation (heart murmur and/or gallop sound), and recurrent lethargy in case #1. The combination of left ventricular remodeling with moderate aortic regurgitation of high velocity was highly suggestive of SHT, which was confirmed by indirect blood pressure measurement (systolic arterial blood pressure of 183 mmHg for case #1 and 180 mmHg for case #2). Amlodipine was prescribed (0.35-0.70 mg/kg/day orally) for 31 and 6 months respectively after the initial diagnosis. In case #1, concurrent amlodipine and benazepril treatment was associated with decreased heart murmur grade and reduced aortic insufficiency severity. These reports illustrate that, similarly to domestic cats, SHT should be suspected in old large felids with CKD and that amlodipine is a well-tolerated antihypertensive drug in these species.
全身性动脉高血压（SHT）在家猫（Felis catus）中已有广泛描述。在这些猫科动物患者中，SHT被认为是中年至老年动物最常见的血管疾病，而与慢性肾病（CKD）相关的继发性SHT是该疾病最常见的形式。我们在此描述大型猫科动物中首例两例自发性SHT病例，即一只18岁、34.4千克的雄性华北豹（Panthera pardus japonensis，病例#1）和一只20岁、28.7千克的雌性雪豹（Panthera uncia，病例#2），二者均为圈养繁殖且先前被诊断患有CKD。由于心脏听诊异常（心脏杂音和/或奔马律）以及病例#1反复出现嗜睡症状，两只动物均在全身麻醉下接受了完整的超声心动图检查。左心室重塑合并高速中度主动脉瓣关闭不全强烈提示为SHT，间接血压测量证实了这一点（病例#1的收缩期动脉血压为183 mmHg，病例#2为180 mmHg）。初始诊断后分别给予氨氯地平（0.35 - 0.70毫克/千克/天，口服）31个月和6个月。在病例#1中，氨氯地平和贝那普利联合治疗使心脏杂音分级降低，主动脉瓣关闭不全严重程度减轻。这些报告表明，与家猫类似，患有CKD的老年大型猫科动物应怀疑患有SHT，并且氨氯地平在这些物种中是一种耐受性良好的抗高血压药物。
