Bando Monica K H, Nelson O Lynne, Taylor Kyle, Sellon Rance, Kogan Clark, Robinson Jill, Drayton Emily, Hartley Claudia, Donaldson David, Linney Chris, Stephenson Hannah
Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, 100 Grimes Way, ADBF, P.O. Box 646610, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology and Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, P.O. Box 647040, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
Animals (Basel). 2025 Jul 1;15(13):1940. doi: 10.3390/ani15131940.
Approximately 17,000 bears undergo bile extraction in facilities across Asia for traditional medicines despite the availability of proven alternatives. Bears are confined to cages and bile harvested from the gallbladder via needle aspiration, implanted catheters, or transabdominal fistulas. Bile-extracted bears develop numerous detrimental conditions, including abnormal repetitive behaviors, emaciation, dental disease, cholecystitis, hernias, abscesses, and neoplasia. A high prevalence of aortic dilation, commonly seen with systemic hypertension, was reported in bile-extracted bears, and aortic aneurysm rupture/dissection was the third leading cause of death in a population of 600 formerly bile-extracted bears. A high incidence of renal disease, a common cause of systemic hypertension in other species, was also identified in this population. We hypothesized that renal disease was positively correlated with lesions of systemic hypertension in bile-extracted bears. Archived medical records, imaging, and samples from 180 formerly bile-extracted bears were analyzed. Hypertensive retinopathy, left ventricular hypertrophy, and aortic dilation were used as validated correlates of systemic hypertension. The majority (76.1%) of bears exhibited at least one systemic hypertension lesion, and 62.8% had two or more lesions. Left ventricular hypertrophy was most common, followed by aortic dilation/aneurysm. Lesions of systemic hypertension were positively correlated to renal disease parameters of serum creatinine and renal histopathology. Understanding the etiology of systemic hypertension in this population is critical due to consequent comorbidities and increasing numbers of bile-extracted bears finding their way to sanctuary.
尽管有已证实的替代方法，但在亚洲各地的养殖场中，仍有约17000头熊被用于提取胆汁以制作传统药物。熊被关在笼子里，通过针吸、植入导管或经腹瘘管从胆囊采集胆汁。被提取胆汁的熊会出现许多有害状况，包括异常重复行为、消瘦、牙齿疾病、胆囊炎、疝气、脓肿和肿瘤。据报道，在被提取胆汁的熊中，主动脉扩张的发生率很高，这在系统性高血压中很常见，在600头曾被提取胆汁的熊中，主动脉瘤破裂/夹层是第三大死亡原因。在这个群体中还发现了肾脏疾病的高发病率，而肾脏疾病是其他物种系统性高血压的常见原因。我们假设肾脏疾病与被提取胆汁的熊的系统性高血压病变呈正相关。对180头曾被提取胆汁的熊的存档病历、影像和样本进行了分析。高血压性视网膜病变、左心室肥厚和主动脉扩张被用作系统性高血压的有效相关指标。大多数（76.1%）的熊表现出至少一种系统性高血压病变，62.8%的熊有两种或更多病变。左心室肥厚最为常见，其次是主动脉扩张/动脉瘤。系统性高血压病变与血清肌酐和肾脏组织病理学的肾脏疾病参数呈正相关。由于随之而来的合并症以及越来越多被提取胆汁的熊进入庇护所，了解这个群体中系统性高血压的病因至关重要。
