Sharma Barkha, Verma A K, Jain Udit, Yadav Janaradan K, Singh Ravneet, Mishra Raghvendra
Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, UP Pt Deen Dayal Upadhyay Veterinary University, Mathura - 281 001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, UP Pt Deen Dayal Upadhyay Veterinary University, Mathura - 281 001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Vet World. 2017 Mar;10(3):293-301. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.293-301. Epub 2017 Mar 10.
The study evaluates the microbial as well as physicochemical pollution of groundwater of Brij region of Uttar Pradesh, a major tourist destination in the country along with estimating the drug resistance evident in the isolated .
A total of 60 samples of groundwater were collected from six different sites and assessed for physicochemical (pH, color, taste, turbidity, total dissolved solids [TDS], total hardness [TH], chlorides, fluorides, nitrates, and iron) and microbiological parameters (standard plate count [SPC], most probable number test [MPN], ).
A majority of the samples were found to be out of the range for most of the parameters except iron. Particularly, high values of TDS (up to 9000 ppm), TH (1500 mg/L), chlorides (3250 mg/L), fluorides (2.5 mg/L), and nitrates (100.2 mg/L) were observed at most of the sites in the region highlighting the fact that groundwater of the area is not potable. Samples were turbid and salty to taste. High SPC values, up to 3500 colony-forming unit/ml and coliforms beyond BIS range were found in 40% samples suggesting gross microbial contamination. Only 2 sites (G3 and G5) had low MPN values. Overall 16 (26.67%) were isolated with 3 (18.75%) producing red colonies on conge red agar, hence supposed to be pathogenic. No O157:H7 was isolated. High antimicrobial resistance was observed against amoxicillin and erythromycin, whereas isolates were sensitive toward cefotaxime-clavulanic acid and imipenem. 12 isolates (75%) were multidrug resistant (MDR) with MDR index >20%, and 2 isolates (12.5%) were found to be extended spectrum beta-lactamases positive.
Groundwater is considered to be a safe option for potable water but it is obvious from the findings of this study that considerable physicochemical and microbial contamination is there in groundwater samples of Brij region. The occurrence of MDR in these waters is a matter of great public health concern.
本研究评估了印度北方邦布里杰地区地下水的微生物污染和理化污染情况，该地区是该国主要的旅游目的地，同时还评估了分离出的菌株中明显存在的耐药性。
从六个不同地点共采集了60份地下水样本，对其理化参数（pH值、颜色、味道、浊度、总溶解固体[TDS]、总硬度[TH]、氯化物、氟化物、硝酸盐和铁）和微生物参数（标准平板计数[SPC]、最可能数试验[MPN]）进行了评估。
除铁外，大多数样本的大多数参数均超出范围。特别是，该地区大多数地点的TDS（高达9000 ppm）、TH（1500 mg/L）、氯化物（3250 mg/L）、氟化物（2.5 mg/L）和硝酸盐（100.2 mg/L）值较高，突出表明该地区的地下水不适于饮用。样本浑浊且有咸味。40%的样本中发现SPC值高达3500菌落形成单位/毫升，大肠菌群超出印度标准局范围，表明存在严重的微生物污染。只有2个地点（G³和G⁵）的MPN值较低。总体而言，分离出16株（26.67%），其中3株（18.75%）在刚果红琼脂上产生红色菌落，因此被认为具有致病性。未分离出O157:H7。观察到对阿莫西林和红霉素的耐药性较高，而分离株对头孢噻肟-克拉维酸和亚胺培南敏感。12株分离株（75%）具有多重耐药性（MDR），MDR指数>20%，2株分离株（12.5%）被发现为超广谱β-内酰胺酶阳性。
地下水被认为是饮用水的安全选择，但从本研究结果明显看出，布里杰地区的地下水样本存在相当程度的理化污染和微生物污染。这些水体中多重耐药菌的出现是一个重大的公共卫生问题。
