Ciccia Eileen, Devarajan Prasad
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis. 2017 Mar 29;10:77-84. doi: 10.2147/IJNRD.S103785. eCollection 2017.
The incidence of pediatric acute kidney injury (AKI) is increasing globally, as are the associated morbidities and mortality. A recent standardization of the definition of AKI has allowed for a more accurate assessment of the epidemiology of pediatric AKI. Recent advances in leveraging electronic medical health record systems have allowed for real-time risk stratification and prevention of pediatric AKI in the hospital setting. Newly developed and validated clinical scores have improved our ability to predict AKI and provide a rational context for biomarker utilization in hospitalized children. Novel non-invasive diagnostic and predictive biomarkers have been launched globally to improve our ability to diagnose and predict AKI and its adverse outcomes as well as recovery. This review summarizes the most current literature, focusing on the epidemiology, management, and early diagnostic strategies in pediatric AKI.
全球范围内，儿童急性肾损伤（AKI）的发病率正在上升，其相关的发病率和死亡率也在增加。最近对AKI定义的标准化使得对儿童AKI的流行病学能进行更准确的评估。利用电子医疗健康记录系统的最新进展使得在医院环境中对儿童AKI进行实时风险分层和预防成为可能。新开发并经过验证的临床评分提高了我们预测AKI的能力，并为住院儿童使用生物标志物提供了合理依据。全球已推出新型非侵入性诊断和预测生物标志物，以提高我们诊断和预测AKI及其不良后果以及恢复情况的能力。本综述总结了最新文献，重点关注儿童AKI的流行病学、管理和早期诊断策略。
