Otte Corma Ma, Penning Louis C, Rothuizen Jan
Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
J Feline Med Surg. 2017 May;19(5):514-528. doi: 10.1177/1098612X17706465.
Practical relevance Diseases of the biliary tree and gallbladder are more common in cats than diseases of the liver parenchyma. The parenchyma is usually affected secondarily to systemic illnesses, while the biliary system is the prime target for infectious agents (eg, bacteria and flukes) and non-infectious conditions (eg, neoplasia and cysts). Clinical approaches Cats with biliary disease are evaluated because of common feline clinical signs such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting and lethargy. Icterus may or may not be obvious. Biopsies for histological evaluation, and bile aspirates for culture and cytological evaluation are helpful diagnostically. Antibiotics and immunosuppressive drugs have been used successfully. Hepatosupportive drugs may help in liquefying thick bile and protecting hepatic tissue from damage. Ultrasound is a noninvasive diagnostic tool that may help in identifying dilated bile ducts, liver cysts and choleliths. It is also used to guide percutaneous bile aspiration. Audience This review, written for all veterinarians who treat cats, describes the various conditions that can affect the feline biliary tree and gallbladder. Treatment options are discussed, and brief summaries provided of surgical techniques and diagnostic approaches. Evidence base The veterinary literature pertaining to feline biliary disease is comprehensively reviewed. When appropriate, data on dogs and humans has been included to provide background information. Based on the available literature, more research into feline biliary diseases is needed.
猫的胆道和胆囊疾病比肝实质疾病更常见。肝实质通常继发于全身性疾病，而胆道系统是感染因子（如细菌和吸虫）和非感染性疾病（如肿瘤和囊肿）的主要靶器官。临床方法：患有胆道疾病的猫因出现诸如厌食、恶心、呕吐和嗜睡等常见的猫科临床症状而接受评估。黄疸可能明显，也可能不明显。进行组织学评估的活检以及进行培养和细胞学评估的胆汁抽吸在诊断上很有帮助。抗生素和免疫抑制药物已成功使用。肝脏支持药物可能有助于使浓稠的胆汁液化，并保护肝组织免受损伤。超声是一种非侵入性诊断工具，可能有助于识别扩张的胆管、肝囊肿和胆结石。它还用于引导经皮胆汁抽吸。受众：这篇为所有治疗猫的兽医撰写的综述描述了可能影响猫科动物胆道和胆囊的各种病症。讨论了治疗选择，并简要总结了手术技术和诊断方法。证据基础：对与猫科动物胆道疾病相关的兽医文献进行了全面综述。在适当的时候，纳入了有关犬和人类的数据以提供背景信息。基于现有文献，需要对猫科动物胆道疾病进行更多研究。
