Narayanan Kannan Badri, Han Sung Soo
School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541. Korea.
Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2017 Aug 30;18(11):1141-1151. doi: 10.2174/1389203718666170424153109.
Vaccine development is one of the greatest achievements of modern medicine. Vaccines made of live-attenuated pathogens can revert to virulent live strains, which causes safety concerns. On the other hand, the use of purified antigenic components as subunit vaccines is safer, but less effective, as these components induce lower levels of protective immunity. Multiple copy presentation of an antigenic determinant in a well-ordered and well-defined orientation on a nanosized particle can mimic the natural host-pathogen surface interaction to provide antigen stability and immunogenicity similar to that of conventional vaccines with improved safety. The icosahedral symmetry of plant viral capsid based nanoparticles is highly ordered and their multivalent structured protein nanostructures facilitate genetic modifications that result in the display of heterologous epitopes or antigens attached to coat proteins. These recombinant plant virus-based nanoparticles (PVNs) provide platforms for the induction of humoral and cellular immune responses to genetically fused antigens from pathogenic viruses, bacteria, tumors, and toxins in man and animals. Here, we comprehensively review the developments of several recombinant PVNs as prophylactic and/or therapeutic vaccines for the prevention or treatment of several microbial diseases, pathologies, and toxin poisoning.
疫苗研发是现代医学最伟大的成就之一。减毒活病原体制成的疫苗可能会回复为有毒力的活毒株，这引发了安全担忧。另一方面，使用纯化的抗原成分作为亚单位疫苗更安全，但效果较差，因为这些成分诱导的保护性免疫水平较低。在纳米颗粒上以有序且明确的方向多拷贝呈现抗原决定簇，可以模拟天然宿主与病原体的表面相互作用，从而提供与传统疫苗相似的抗原稳定性和免疫原性，同时提高安全性。基于植物病毒衣壳的纳米颗粒的二十面体对称性高度有序，其多价结构化蛋白质纳米结构便于进行基因修饰，从而导致展示与衣壳蛋白相连的异源表位或抗原。这些基于重组植物病毒的纳米颗粒（PVN）为诱导人和动物对来自致病病毒、细菌、肿瘤和毒素的基因融合抗原产生体液免疫和细胞免疫反应提供了平台。在此，我们全面综述了几种重组PVN作为预防性和/或治疗性疫苗用于预防或治疗多种微生物疾病、病理状况和毒素中毒的研究进展。
