Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Science and Technology, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy; National Technical University of Athens, School of Chemical Engineering, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zographou Campus, GR-15780, Athens, Greece.
Free University of Bolzano, Faculty of Science and Technology, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
J Environ Manage. 2018 Jun 15;216:153-159. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.04.063. Epub 2017 Apr 22.
Household biowaste represent the organic fraction of municipal solid waste and are an underutilized resource. Although previous studies have performed pyrolysis of organic waste, the vast majority has been on specific presorted feedstock or conventional lignocellulosic streams. Therefore, there is a lack of pyrolysis applications on representative food waste as retrieved from households and this can be attributed primarily to their high water content and their degradability. But via the intermediate step of drying, long-term storage and thermal treatment have become possible. In the framework of this study, household biowaste were pyrolyzed for the production of carbonaceous materials with a main focus on the analysis of produced tar compounds. Tars can be corrosive or cause clogging and disrupt the operation of pyrolysis and gasification plants. Their analysis has faced several difficulties due to inconsistency in the methodologies that have been applied by various groups. The tar protocol has provided a solid framework for consistent analysis of tars but until now has been solely used for the case of gasification. This study aimed to apply the tar protocol for pyrolysis and to enhance the detectability of the method for a wider range of tars by means of elemental analysis, attenuated total reflectance (ATR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). GC- MS was performed by means of a specific column for PAHs identification and calibration methods were developed for the proper quantification of naphthalene which is the dominant tar compound. The results of the analysis showed that naphthalene concentration increased from torrefaction to carbonization but then decreased significantly for high temperature pyrolysis at 860 °C.
家庭生物废物代表城市固体废物的有机部分，是一种未充分利用的资源。尽管之前的研究已经对有机废物进行了热解，但绝大多数研究都是针对特定的预分类原料或常规的木质纤维素原料。因此，缺乏对从家庭中回收的代表性食物废物的热解应用，这主要归因于其高含水量和可降解性。但是通过中间的干燥步骤、长期储存和热处理已经成为可能。在本研究中，家庭生物废物被热解以生产碳素材料，主要重点是分析所产生的焦油化合物。焦油可能具有腐蚀性或导致堵塞，并扰乱热解和气化厂的运行。由于各个研究小组应用的方法不一致，它们的分析一直面临着许多困难。焦油协议为焦油的一致分析提供了坚实的框架，但迄今为止仅用于气化情况。本研究旨在将焦油协议应用于热解，并通过元素分析、衰减全反射（ATR）和气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）来提高方法对更广泛焦油的检测能力。GC-MS 通过专门用于多环芳烃鉴定的柱子进行，并且开发了萘的定量方法，萘是主要的焦油化合物。分析结果表明，萘的浓度从热解碳化到高温热解（860°C）时逐渐增加，但随后显著下降。
