Morales Flor E, Tinsley Grant M, Gordon Paul M
a Department of Health , Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University , Waco , Texas , USA.
b Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management , Texas Tech University , Lubbock , Texas , USA.
J Am Coll Nutr. 2017 May-Jun;36(4):295-305. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2016.1274691. Epub 2017 Apr 26.
High-protein diets have been shown to improve body composition through alterations in satiety, muscle protein synthesis, and the thermic effect of food.
Given these findings, the purpose of this review is to discuss the integration of the specific hormonal and metabolic effects of high-protein diets following both acute and long-term usage, especially with regard to body composition.
Full-text articles were obtained through PubMed by using the terms "high-protein diet and body composition," "high-protein diet and exercise," "high-protein diet risk," "high-protein diet side effects," "protein quality PDCAAS," "RDA for protein," and "daily protein recommendation." Articles were initially screened according to their title and abstract; careful evaluation of the full manuscripts was then used to identify relevant articles.
The higher satiety exerted by high-protein diets is generated through increments in anorexigenic, as well as decrements in orexigenic hormones. Improvements in muscle mass are achieved by activation of muscle protein synthesis acting through the mTOR pathway. High thermic effect of food is caused due to necessary deamination, gluconeogenesis, and urea synthesis caused by high-protein diets. Interestingly, high-protein diets in both hypo- and normocaloric conditions have shown to improve body composition, whereas in combination with hypercaloric conditions does not seem to increase fat mass, when the excess energy comes from protein.
High protein diets effectively improve body composition by acting through different pathways.
高蛋白饮食已被证明可通过改变饱腹感、肌肉蛋白质合成和食物的热效应来改善身体成分。
鉴于这些发现，本综述的目的是讨论高蛋白饮食在急性和长期使用后特定激素和代谢效应的整合情况，特别是关于身体成分方面。
通过在PubMed上使用“高蛋白饮食与身体成分”“高蛋白饮食与运动”“高蛋白饮食风险”“高蛋白饮食副作用”“蛋白质质量（PDCAAS）”“蛋白质的推荐膳食摄入量”和“每日蛋白质推荐量”等术语获取全文文章。文章首先根据标题和摘要进行筛选；然后通过仔细评估全文来确定相关文章。
高蛋白饮食产生的更高饱腹感是通过厌食激素增加以及促食欲激素减少实现的。通过激活经由mTOR途径的肌肉蛋白质合成来增加肌肉量。高蛋白饮食导致的必要脱氨基作用、糖异生作用和尿素合成引起食物的高热效应。有趣的是，在低热量和正常热量条件下，高蛋白饮食均已显示可改善身体成分，而在高热量条件下，当多余能量来自蛋白质时，似乎不会增加脂肪量。
高蛋白饮食通过不同途径有效改善身体成分。
