Kritchevsky D
Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
Cancer. 1988 Oct 15;62(8 Suppl):1839-43. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19881015)62:1+<1839::aid-cncr2820621327>3.0.co;2-d.
The interest in nutrition and cancer, which was high in the 1940s and 1950s, was rekindled in the 1970s and is now more intense than ever. There has been considerable experimental work on dietary fat, but delineation of the precise role(s) of the essential fatty acids is still lacking. There have been few studies on protein or carbohydrate effects and only Visek has adequately addressed the important area of nutrient interactions. More work is needed in the fiber field with regard to the influences of short chain fatty acids, and the standardization of protocols is needed to make the various findings comparable. Currently, fiber data have been accrued using rats of different strains and gender, commercial and semipurified diets, a variety of colon carcinogens, and different routes of administration. The effects of energy restriction (in the literature since 1909) have not been widely studied as to mechanism and influence of energy expenditure (i.e., exercise) and merit more attention.
20世纪40年代和50年代对营养与癌症的关注度很高，到了70年代又重新燃起，如今比以往任何时候都更为强烈。关于膳食脂肪已经开展了大量实验工作，但对于必需脂肪酸的确切作用仍缺乏明确界定。关于蛋白质或碳水化合物影响的研究较少，只有维塞克充分探讨了营养相互作用这一重要领域。在纤维领域，关于短链脂肪酸的影响还需要开展更多研究，并且需要对实验方案进行标准化，以便使各项研究结果具有可比性。目前，获取纤维数据所使用的实验对象包括不同品系和性别的大鼠、商业饲料和半纯化饲料、多种结肠癌致癌物以及不同的给药途径。能量限制的影响（自1909年起就有相关文献记载）在能量消耗机制和影响方面（即运动）尚未得到广泛研究，值得更多关注。
