Chen David, Rivera-Andrade Álvaro, González Jessica, Burt David, Mendoza-Montano Carlos, Patrie James, Luna Max
University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America.
Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2017 Apr 20;41:e7. doi: 10.26633/RPSP.2017.7.
To describe the prevalence of noncommunicable disease (NCD) risk factors and assess knowledge of those risk factors in the indigenous community of Santiago Atitlán in Guatemala, a lower-middle income country.
A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted using a modified version of the World Health Organization's STEPS protocol. Adults aged 20-65 years were surveyed regarding demographics and NCD risk factors, and the survey was followed by anthropometric and biochemical measurements.
Out of 501 screened individuals, 350 respondents were enrolled. The mean age was 36.7 years, and 72.3% were women. Over 90% reported earning less than US$ 65 per month. Almost 80% were stunted. Among women, 37.3% were obese and over three-quarters had central obesity. Over three-quarters of the entire group had dyslipidemia and 18.3% had hypertension, but only 3.0% had diabetes. Overall, 36.0% of participants met criteria for metabolic syndrome. There was no significant association between participants' education and NCD risk factors except for an inverse association with obesity by percent body fat.
Santiago Atitlán is a rural, indigenous Guatemalan community with high rates of poverty and stunting coexisting alongside high rates of obesity, particularly among women. Additionally, high rates of hypertension and dyslipidemia were found, but a low rate of diabetes mellitus. Knowledge of NCDs and their risk factors was low, suggesting that educational interventions may be a high-yield, low-cost approach to combating NCDs in this community.
描述危地马拉（一个中低收入国家）圣地亚哥阿蒂特兰土著社区非传染性疾病（NCD）风险因素的流行情况，并评估对这些风险因素的知晓情况。
采用世界卫生组织的“STEPS”方案的修订版进行了一项基于人群的横断面研究。对20 - 65岁的成年人进行了人口统计学和非传染性疾病风险因素调查，并随后进行了人体测量和生化检测。
在501名筛查个体中，有350名受访者被纳入研究。平均年龄为36.7岁，72.3%为女性。超过90%的人报告月收入低于65美元。近80%的人发育迟缓。在女性中，37.3%肥胖，超过四分之三的人有中心性肥胖。超过四分之三的人患有血脂异常，18.3%的人患有高血压，但只有3.0%的人患有糖尿病。总体而言，36.0%的参与者符合代谢综合征标准。除了体脂百分比与肥胖呈负相关外，参与者的教育程度与非传染性疾病风险因素之间没有显著关联。
圣地亚哥阿蒂特兰是危地马拉的一个农村土著社区，贫困和发育迟缓率高，同时肥胖率也高，尤其是在女性中。此外，还发现高血压和血脂异常的发生率很高，但糖尿病的发生率较低。对非传染性疾病及其风险因素的知晓率较低，这表明教育干预可能是该社区防治非传染性疾病的一种高收益、低成本的方法。
