Desel Herbert, Hentschel Helmut, Stürer Andreas
Fachgruppe Produkt- und Vergiftungsdokumentation, Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Deutschland.
Gemeinsames Giftinformationszentrum der Länder Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt und Thüringen (GGIZ), Erfurt, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2017 Jun;60(6):625-631. doi: 10.1007/s00103-017-2550-9.
Illnesses caused by exposure to extracorporeal artificial substances play a major role in emergency medicine, family medicine, and environmental medicine.
The current situation of medical poisoning management and national reporting of poisonings in Germany are described.
The information and data presented here are derived from a literature review and from stakeholder interviews.
Eight poison centres (PCs) offer consultation supporting the diagnosis and treatment of poisoning cases in Germany today. Furthermore, those affected, their relatives and first aiders contact these German PCs, mainly because of a suspected poisoning. German PCs are also contacted by those affected and by institutions in other situations when expert toxicological judgement is needed, especially in cases with an environmental background. Often, interpretation of analytical laboratory results of body fluid samples or environmental samples are requested, or reference to environmental medicine treatment facilities is made. The PCs and the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) cooperate on the national reporting of the risks of poisoning for the population. In addition, the BfR collects and evaluates poisoning reports from German medical doctors that have been directly submitted. A pilot project on a national monitoring of poisonings should collate future case reports. An extensive and current overview of poisonings in Germany is a prerequisite for the identification of unsafe products and to fully comply with the international reporting needs of the German Federal Government in the case of chemical outbreaks and the resulting suspected cases.
接触体外人工物质导致的疾病在急诊医学、家庭医学和环境医学中起着重要作用。
描述德国医疗中毒管理的现状以及全国中毒报告情况。
此处呈现的信息和数据来源于文献综述以及利益相关者访谈。
如今德国有八个中毒控制中心（PCs）提供咨询服务，支持中毒病例的诊断和治疗。此外，中毒者及其亲属和急救人员联系这些德国中毒控制中心，主要是因为怀疑中毒。在其他需要毒理学专家判断的情况下，尤其是涉及环境背景的案例，中毒者和相关机构也会联系德国中毒控制中心。通常会请求对体液样本或环境样本的分析实验室结果进行解读，或者提及环境医学治疗设施。中毒控制中心与德国联邦风险评估研究所（BfR）在全国范围内合作，报告人群中毒风险。此外，BfR收集并评估德国医生直接提交的中毒报告。一个关于全国中毒监测的试点项目应整理未来的病例报告。全面且最新的德国中毒概述是识别不安全产品以及在化学物质爆发及由此引发的疑似病例情况下完全满足德国联邦政府国际报告需求的前提条件。
