Shimizu Dai, Kanda Mitsuro, Kodera Yasuhiro
Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Histol Histopathol. 2018 Jan;33(1):11-26. doi: 10.14670/HH-11-898. Epub 2017 Apr 27.
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide and its prognosis remains dismal. One reason for poor outcomes of GC patients is that most are diagnosed when the cancer has already advanced. Novel biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity are needed to diagnose GC in the early stage. In addition, to improve the outcome of patients with GC, patient stratification according to prognostic factors and sensitivity to chemo(radio)therapy are necessary. Appropriate follow-up criteria and individualized treatment will contribute to improvement in prognosis. Over the past decades, development of microarray and sequencing technology have coalesced to increase reports regarding epigenetic alterations that affect the character of malignancies including GC. These advances help our understanding of gastric carcinogenesis and have the possibility of improving the prognosis of GC by contributing to the optimization of therapeutic strategies. Further development of biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis are desperately needed. Here, we enumerate and describe some GC-related molecules reported over the past few years that may be useful biomarkers.
胃癌（GC）是全球最常被诊断出的癌症之一，其预后仍然很差。GC患者预后不佳的一个原因是大多数患者在癌症已经进展时才被诊断出来。需要具有高灵敏度和特异性的新型生物标志物来早期诊断GC。此外，为了改善GC患者的预后，根据预后因素和对化疗（放疗）的敏感性对患者进行分层是必要的。适当的随访标准和个体化治疗将有助于改善预后。在过去几十年中，微阵列和测序技术的发展相结合，增加了关于影响包括GC在内的恶性肿瘤特征的表观遗传改变的报道。这些进展有助于我们对胃癌发生的理解，并有可能通过优化治疗策略来改善GC的预后。迫切需要进一步开发用于诊断和预后的生物标志物。在这里，我们列举并描述了过去几年报道的一些可能有用的GC相关分子生物标志物。
