Extended Right Thoracic Approach Compared With Limited Left Thoracic Approach for Patients With Middle and Lower Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Three-year Survival of a Prospective, Randomized, Open-label Trial.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate whether survival is improved by using the right thoracic approach (extended lymphadenectomy) compared with the left thoracic approach (limited lymphadenectomy) for esophageal cancer.

BACKGROUND

The optimal surgical technique for esophageal cancer remains unclear.

METHODS

Between May 2010 and July 2012, 300 patients with middle and lower thoracic esophageal carcinoma were randomized to receive esophagectomy through either the right or left thoracic approach. Of these, 286 patients with squamous cell carcinoma determined by postoperative pathology were included in this analysis. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between the right (n = 146) and left thoracic groups (n = 140).

RESULTS

The median follow-up was 55.9 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 53.1-58.6]. The 3-year DFS rates were 62% and 52% in the right and left thoracic arms, respectively [hazard ratio (HR) 0.709; 95% CI, 0.506-0.995; P = 0.047, log-rank test]. The 3-year OS rates were 74% and 60%, respectively (HR, 0.663; 95% CI, 0.457-0.961; P = 0.029). Subgroup analyses revealed longer DFS in the right thoracic arm (vs left thoracic arm) in patients with lymph node involvement (HR, 0.632; 95% CI, 0.412-0.969, P = 0.034), but not in patients without lymph node involvement (HR, 0.757; 95% CI, 0.434-1.320, P = 0.325), and in patients with R1-2 resection margins (HR, 0.495; 95% CI, 0.290-0.848, P = 0.009), but not R0 margins (HR, 0.944; 95% CI, 0.603-1.477, P = 0.801).

CONCLUSIONS

Compared with the left thoracic approach, the right thoracic approach associated with increased DFS and OS in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients, particularly in those with lymph node involvement and/or R1-2 resection margins.