Moore Susan A, Brown Greg, Kobryn Halina, Strickland-Munro Jennifer
Environmental and Conservation Sciences, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia.
California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, 93407, USA; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia.
J Environ Manage. 2017 Jul 15;197:706-718. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.026. Epub 2017 Apr 24.
Planning for coastal and marine environments is often characterized by conflict over current and proposed uses. Marine spatial planning has been proposed as a way forward, however, social data are often missing impeding decision-making. Participatory mapping, a technique useful for providing social data and predict conflict potential, is being used in an increasing number of terrestrial applications to inform planning, but has been little used in the marine realm. This study collected social data for an extensive coastline in northwestern Australia via 167 in-depth face-to-face interviews including participant mapping of place values. From the transcribed interviews and digitized maps, we inductively identified 17 values, with biodiversity, the physical landscape, and Aboriginal culture being most valued. To spatially identify conflict potential, values were classified in matrices as consumptive or non-consumptive with the former assumed to be less compatible with other values. Pairwise comparisons of value compatibilities informed a spatial GIS determination of conflict potential. The results were overlaid with the boundaries of nine marine protected areas in the region to illustrate the application of this method for marine spatial planning. The three near shore marine protected areas had at least one third of their area exhibiting conflict potential. Participatory mapping accompanied by conflict potential mapping provides important insights for spatial planning in these often-highly contested marine environments.
沿海和海洋环境规划往往因当前用途和拟议用途之间的冲突而独具特点。海洋空间规划被提议作为解决之道，然而，社会数据常常缺失，这阻碍了决策制定。参与式绘图是一种有助于提供社会数据并预测冲突可能性的技术，在越来越多的陆地应用中被用于为规划提供信息，但在海洋领域却很少使用。本研究通过167次深入的面对面访谈收集了澳大利亚西北部一段广阔海岸线的社会数据，其中包括对地方价值的参与者绘图。从转录的访谈和数字化地图中，我们归纳确定了17种价值，其中生物多样性、自然景观和原住民文化最为重要。为了在空间上确定冲突可能性，这些价值在矩阵中被分类为消耗性或非消耗性，前者被认为与其他价值的兼容性较低。通过对价值兼容性的成对比较，在地理信息系统中进行空间确定冲突可能性。结果与该地区九个海洋保护区的边界叠加，以说明该方法在海洋空间规划中的应用。三个近岸海洋保护区至少有三分之一的区域显示出冲突可能性。参与式绘图以及冲突可能性绘图为这些经常存在高度争议的海洋环境中的空间规划提供了重要见解。
