Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Nov 15;598:365-376. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.244. Epub 2017 Apr 24.
A life cycle assessment (LCA) was applied to assess the environmental load of a prospective local bioethanol (EtOH) production system in Southern Italy by using lignocellulosic Fiber sorghum (FS) feedstock. A two steps analysis was carried out considering: (i) a "cradle-to-farm gate" LCA to investigate thoroughly the FS cultivation on hilly marginal land and (ii) a "cradle-to-wheels" system boundary encompassing the environmental pressure of the whole EtOH supply-use chain. Primary data related to lignocellulosic biomass production were combined with experimental feedstock conversion processes through advanced second generation technology. The purpose was the evaluation of the environmental performance of different EtOH-gasoline mixtures in midsize passenger cars: E10 (10% of EtOH and 90% of gasoline) and E85 (85% of EtOH and 15% of gasoline). N fertilization appeared as the prevailing contributor of the crop phase. The "cradle-to-wheels" results concerning E10 passenger car disclosed that the main hotspots were represented by the input of low sulphur petrol (66%) and the linked tailpipe emissions (15%), for almost all the impact categories. Otherwise, for E85 flex-fuel vehicle, the major drivers were represented by the feedstock production (46%) and the imported electricity used in the conversion facility (18%). The FS EtOH blends entailed potential environmental benefits compared with the fossil counterpart (gasoline) for climate change, ozone and fossil depletions. Otherwise, they evidenced a worse profile in terms of acidification, eutrophication and particulate matter formation. Within the context of a the prospective territorial bio-refinery network, the comparison of the annual FS bioethanol based systems with similar EtOH scenarios from giant reed perennial crops highlighted: (i) the importance to optimize the N-management for FS feedstock cultivation and (ii) the need to increase the use of the renewable energy carriers along the industrial conversion pathway.
生命周期评估（LCA）被应用于评估意大利南部一个潜在的本地生物乙醇（EtOH）生产系统的环境负荷，该系统使用木质纤维素纤维高粱（FS）为原料。进行了两步分析，考虑了：（i）“摇篮到农场大门”的 LCA，以深入研究 FS 在丘陵边缘土地上的种植，以及（ii）“摇篮到车轮”的系统边界，涵盖了整个 EtOH 供应-使用链的环境压力。与木质纤维素生物质生产相关的主要数据与通过先进的第二代技术进行的实验原料转化过程相结合。目的是评估不同 EtOH-汽油混合物在中型乘用车中的环境性能：E10（10%乙醇和 90%汽油）和 E85（85%乙醇和 15%汽油）。施肥似乎是作物阶段的主要贡献者。关于 E10 乘用车的“摇篮到车轮”结果表明，主要的热点是低硫汽油的输入（66%）和与之相关的排气管排放（15%），几乎对所有的影响类别都是如此。然而，对于 E85 灵活燃料汽车，主要的驱动因素是原料生产（46%）和转化设施中使用的进口电力（18%）。与化石对应物（汽油）相比，FS EtOH 混合物在气候变化、臭氧和化石枯竭方面具有潜在的环境效益。然而，它们在酸化、富营养化和颗粒物形成方面的表现更差。在未来的地区生物精炼厂网络的背景下，对 FS 生物乙醇基系统与巨型芦苇多年生作物的类似 EtOH 情景的年度比较突出了：（i）优化 FS 原料种植的氮管理的重要性，以及（ii）需要沿工业转化途径增加可再生能源载体的使用。
