美国甜高粱衍生生物燃料的生命周期影响评估

Life cycle impact assessment of biofuels derived from sweet sorghum in the U.S.

作者信息

Morrissey Karla G, Thoma Greg, López Dora E

机构信息

Department of Chemical Engineering, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.

Sarkeys Energy Center, Melbourne School of Petroleum and Geological Engineering, 100 E Boyd, SEC-1210, Norman, OK, 73019-1003, USA.

出版信息

Biotechnol Biofuels. 2021 Aug 5;14(1):166. doi: 10.1186/s13068-021-02009-6.

DOI:10.1186/s13068-021-02009-6

PMID:34353363

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8340463/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The objective of this study was to evaluate the environmental impact of the production of a range of liquid biofuels produced from the combination of fermenting sorghum stalk juice (bioethanol) and the pyrolysis/hydrotreatment of residual bagasse (renewable gasoline and diesel). Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) was performed on a farm-to-wheels system that included: (i) sorghum farming, (ii) juice extraction, (iii) juice fermenting, (iv) bagasse pretreatment, (v) bagasse thermochemical treatment (pyrolysis, hydroprocessing, and steam reforming), and (vi) typical passenger vehicle operation. LCIA results were compared to those of petroleum fuels providing the equivalent functional unit-cumulative kilometers driven by spark ignition direct injection (SIDI) vehicles utilizing either renewable gasoline or 'bioE85-a blend of bioethanol and renewable gasoline,' and a compression ignition direct injection (CIDI) vehicle utilizing renewable diesel produced from 76 tons of harvested sweet sorghum (1 ha).

RESULTS

Sweet sorghum biofuels resulted in a 48% reduction climate change impact and a 52% reduction in fossil fuel depletion. Additionally, reduced impacts in ozone depletion and eutrophication were found (67% and 47%, respectively). Petroleum fuels had lower impacts for the categories of non-carcinogenic health impact, smog, respiratory effects, and ecotoxicity, showing tradeoffs between sorghum and petroleum fuels.

CONCLUSION

Overall, sorghum biofuels provide advantages in environmental impact categories including global warming potential, fossil fuel depletion and eutrophication, showing potential for sorghum as a promising second-generation feedstock for fuel.

摘要

背景

本研究的目的是评估一系列由发酵高粱茎汁（生物乙醇）与剩余甘蔗渣的热解/加氢处理（可再生汽油和柴油）相结合生产的液体生物燃料的生产对环境的影响。对一个从农场到车轮的系统进行了生命周期影响评估（LCIA），该系统包括：（i）高粱种植，（ii）汁液提取，（iii）汁液发酵，（iv）甘蔗渣预处理，（v）甘蔗渣热化学处理（热解、加氢处理和蒸汽重整），以及（vi）典型乘用车运行。将LCIA结果与石油燃料的结果进行比较，石油燃料提供等效功能单位——使用可再生汽油或“生物E85（生物乙醇和可再生汽油的混合物）”的火花点火直接喷射（SIDI）车辆以及使用由76吨收获的甜高粱（1公顷）生产的可再生柴油的压缩点火直接喷射（CIDI）车辆行驶的累计公里数。