Moreira M, Schrama D, Soares F, Wulff T, Pousão-Ferreira P, Rodrigues P
IPMA - Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere, EPPO - Aquaculture Research Station, Olhão, Portugal.
CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
J Fish Dis. 2017 Nov;40(11):1545-1560. doi: 10.1111/jfd.12623. Epub 2017 Apr 27.
Amyloodiniosis represents a major bottleneck for semi-intensive aquaculture production in Southern Europe, causing extremely high mortalities. Amyloodinium ocellatum is a parasitic dinoflagellate that can infest almost all fish, crustacean and bivalves that live within its ecological range. Fish mortalities are usually attributed to anoxia, associated with serious gill hyperplasia, inflammation, haemorrhage and necrosis in heavy infestations; or with osmoregulatory impairment and secondary microbial infections due to severe epithelial damage in mild infestation. However, physiological information about the host responses to A. ocellatum infestation is scarce. In this work, we analysed the proteome of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) plasma and relate it with haematological and immunological indicators, in order to enlighten the different physiological responses when exposed to an A. ocellatum outbreak. Using 2D-DIGE, immunological and haematological analysis and in response to the A. ocellatum contamination we have identified several proteins associated with acute-phase response, inflammation, lipid transport, homoeostasis, and osmoregulation, wound healing, neoplasia and iron transport. Overall, this preliminary study revealed that amyloodiniosis affects some fish functional pathways as revealed by the changes in the plasma proteome of S. aurata, and that the innate immunological system is not activated in the presence of the parasite.
淀粉卵涡鞭虫病是南欧半集约化水产养殖生产的主要瓶颈，会导致极高的死亡率。卵圆淀粉卵涡鞭虫是一种寄生性甲藻，几乎能感染其生态范围内的所有鱼类、甲壳类动物和双壳贝类。鱼类死亡通常归因于缺氧，在严重感染时伴有严重的鳃增生、炎症、出血和坏死；或在轻度感染时由于严重的上皮损伤导致渗透调节功能受损和继发微生物感染。然而，关于宿主对卵圆淀粉卵涡鞭虫感染反应的生理信息却很匮乏。在这项研究中，我们分析了金头鲷血浆蛋白质组，并将其与血液学和免疫学指标相关联，以阐明在卵圆淀粉卵涡鞭虫爆发时的不同生理反应。通过二维差异凝胶电泳、免疫学和血液学分析，针对卵圆淀粉卵涡鞭虫污染，我们鉴定出了几种与急性期反应、炎症、脂质转运、内环境稳态、渗透调节、伤口愈合、肿瘤形成和铁转运相关的蛋白质。总体而言，这项初步研究表明，淀粉卵涡鞭虫病会影响金头鲷血浆蛋白质组变化所揭示的一些鱼类功能途径，并且在寄生虫存在的情况下，先天性免疫系统未被激活。
