Domanović Dragoslav, Tedder Richard, Blümel Johannes, Zaaijer Hans, Gallian Pierre, Niederhauser Christoph, Sauleda Oliveras Silvia, O'Riordan Joan, Boland Fiona, Harritshøj Lene, Nascimento Maria São José, Ciccaglione Anna Rita, Politis Constatina, Adlhoch Cornelia, Flan Benoit, Oualikene-Gonin Wahiba, Rautmann Guy, Strengers Paul, Hewitt Patricia
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden.
Hepatitis E Study Group, Joint PHE/NHSBT Blood Borne Virus Unit, PHE, Colindale, London, United Kingdom.
Euro Surveill. 2017 Apr 20;22(16). doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.16.30514.
The public health implications of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in Europe have changed due to increasing numbers of hepatitis E cases and recent reports of chronic, persistent HEV infections associated with progression to cirrhosis in immunosuppressed patients. The main infectious risk for such immunosuppressed patients is exposure to undercooked infected pork products and blood transfusion. We summarised the epidemiology of HEV infections among blood donors and also outlined any strategies to prevent transfusion-transmitted HEV, in 11 European countries. In response to the threat posed by HEV and related public and political concerns, most of the observed countries determined seroprevalence of HEV in donors and presence of HEV RNA in blood donations. France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom (UK) reported cases of transfusion-transmitted HEV. Ireland and the UK have already implemented HEV RNA screening of blood donations; the Netherlands will start in 2017. Germany and France perform screening for HEV RNA in several blood establishments or plasma donations intended for use in high-risk patients respectively and, with Switzerland, are considering implementing selective or universal screening nationwide. In Greece, Portugal, Italy and Spain, the blood authorities are evaluating the situation. Denmark decided not to implement the HEV screening of blood donations.
由于戊型肝炎（HEV）病例数量不断增加，以及近期有报道称免疫抑制患者中出现慢性、持续性HEV感染并进展为肝硬化，欧洲戊型肝炎病毒对公共卫生的影响已发生变化。此类免疫抑制患者的主要感染风险是接触未煮熟的受感染猪肉制品和输血。我们总结了11个欧洲国家献血者中戊型肝炎病毒感染的流行病学情况，并概述了预防输血传播戊型肝炎病毒的策略。为应对戊型肝炎病毒带来的威胁以及相关的公共和政治关切，大多数观察到的国家确定了献血者中戊型肝炎病毒的血清流行率以及献血中戊型肝炎病毒RNA的存在情况。法国、德国、西班牙和英国（UK）报告了输血传播戊型肝炎的病例。爱尔兰和英国已经实施了献血中戊型肝炎病毒RNA筛查；荷兰将于2017年开始。德国和法国分别在几个血液机构或用于高危患者的血浆捐献中进行戊型肝炎病毒RNA筛查，并且与瑞士一起正在考虑在全国范围内实施选择性或普遍性筛查。在希腊、葡萄牙、意大利和西班牙，血液管理部门正在评估情况。丹麦决定不实施献血中的戊型肝炎病毒筛查。
