Fontana Stefano, Ripellino Paolo, Niederhauser Christoph, Widmer Nadja, Gowland Peter, Petrini Orlando, Aprile Manuela, Merlani Giorgio, Bihl Florian
Servizio Trasfusionale CRS della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland.
Blood Transfusion Unit, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Microorganisms. 2023 Sep 22;11(10):2375. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11102375.
From 2014 to 2016, the number of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections in southern Switzerland increased dramatically and suggested food as a potential infection reservoir. We evaluated the effects of food control measures introduced to limit HEV infections, assessing anti-HEV IgG and IgM rates in blood donors before and after the implementation of food control measures in 2017. From 2012 to 2013, we screened 1283, and from 2017 to 2019, we screened 1447 donors for IgG and IgM antibodies. No statistically significant differences were detected for IgG (32.8% from 2012 to 2013 vs. 31.1% from 2017 to 2019, = 0.337) or IgM rates (2.0% from 2012 to 2013 vs. 2.8% from 2017 to 2019, = 0.21). Rural provenience and age > 66 are predictors for positive IgG serology. A total of 5.9% of 303 donors included in both groups lost IgG positivity. We also determined nucleic acid testing (NAT) rates after the introduction of this test in 2018, comparing 49,345 donation results from southern Switzerland with those of 625,559 Swiss donor controls, and only 9 NAT-positive donors were found from 2018 to 2023. The high HEV seroprevalence in southern Switzerland may depend on different food supply chains in rural and urban areas. Local preventive measures probably have a limited impact on blood HEV risk; thus, continuous NAT testing is recommended.
2014年至2016年期间，瑞士南部戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）感染病例数急剧增加，提示食物可能是潜在的感染源。我们评估了为限制HEV感染而采取的食品控制措施的效果，于2017年食品控制措施实施前后对献血者的抗HEV IgG和IgM比率进行了评估。2012年至2013年期间，我们筛查了1283名献血者，2017年至2019年期间，我们筛查了1447名献血者的IgG和IgM抗体。未检测到IgG比率（2012年至2013年为32.8%，2017年至2019年为31.1%，P = 0.337）或IgM比率（2012年至2013年为2.0%，2017年至2019年为2.8%，P = 0.21）有统计学显著差异。来自农村地区以及年龄大于66岁是IgG血清学检测呈阳性的预测因素。两组共303名献血者中有5.9%的人失去了IgG阳性。我们还测定了2018年引入该检测方法后的核酸检测（NAT）比率，将瑞士南部49345份献血检测结果与625559份瑞士献血者对照样本进行比较，2018年至2023年期间仅发现9名NAT检测呈阳性的献血者。瑞士南部较高的HEV血清阳性率可能取决于城乡不同的食品供应链。当地的预防措施可能对血液中HEV风险的影响有限；因此，建议持续进行NAT检测。
